1.重庆市开州区人民医院药学部,重庆 405400
2.重庆医科大学附属璧山医院药学部,重庆 402760
Received:21 March 2024,
Revised:2024-08-02,
Accepted:02 August 2024,
Published:30 August 2024
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李光灿,张萍,郑姣妮,等.特殊人群中头孢他啶-阿维巴坦的PK/PD特性及剂量调整研究进展 [J].中国药房,2024,35(16):2055-2060.
LI Guangcan,ZHANG Ping,ZHENG Jiaoni,et al.Research advance in pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic characteristics and dose adjustment of ceftazidime-avibactam in special populations[J].ZHONGGUO YAOFANG,2024,35(16):2055-2060.
李光灿,张萍,郑姣妮,等.特殊人群中头孢他啶-阿维巴坦的PK/PD特性及剂量调整研究进展 [J].中国药房,2024,35(16):2055-2060. DOI: 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2024.16.21.
LI Guangcan,ZHANG Ping,ZHENG Jiaoni,et al.Research advance in pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic characteristics and dose adjustment of ceftazidime-avibactam in special populations[J].ZHONGGUO YAOFANG,2024,35(16):2055-2060. DOI: 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2024.16.21.
头孢他啶-阿维巴坦(CAZ/AVI)是一种新型
β
-内酰胺类抗菌药物,具有广谱抗菌活性和良好的耐受性。特殊人群[包括肾功能亢进(ARC)患者、接受连续性肾脏替代治疗(CRRT)患者、新生儿及儿童、肥胖患者、行体外膜肺氧合(ECMO)患者、老年患者、肝功能受损患者
]
的生理病理差异,可能影响CAZ/AVI的药代动力学(PK)特性,导致治疗失败。目前关于CAZ/AVI在特殊人群中的剂量调整缺乏相应的指南或共识。本文综述了CAZ/AVI在特殊人群中的PK/药效动力学(PD)特性及剂量调整的相关研究,推荐CAZ/AVI的给药剂量为:ARC患者使用常规推荐剂量2.5 g,q8 h;接受CRRT患者感染敏感的菌株(即最低抑菌浓度<4 mg/L)且感染部位为血流或尿路等亲水性抗菌药物分布较好的部位时,采用1.25 g,q8 h的给药方案;接受CRRT患者感染不太敏感的菌株或药物分布稍差的部位时,可采用2.5 g,q8 h或持续输注的给药方案;肾功能正常或轻度损伤的6个月~<18岁儿童按62.5 mg/kg,q8 h,输注2 h(单次最大剂量不超过2.5 g)给药;肾功能正常或轻度损伤的3~6个月儿童按50 mg/kg,q8 h,输注2 h给药;肥胖患者可使用常规推荐剂量2.5 g,q8 h,建议行治疗药物监测;行ECMO患者、老年患者及肝功能损伤患者,也可使用常规推荐剂量2.5 g,q8 h。
Ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ/AVI)is a novel
β
-lactam antibiotic with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and good tolerability. However, the physiological and pathological differences in special populations [e.g. augmented renal clearance (ARC) patients, undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) patients, neonates and children, obese patients, undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) patients, elderly patients and liver dysfunction patients
]
may affect the pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of CAZ/AVI, leading to treatment failure. At present, there is currently a lack of corresponding guidelines or consensus on dose adjustment of CAZ/AVI in special populations. This article summarizes the research on PK/pharmacodynamic (PD) characteristics and dose adjustment of CAZ/AVI in special populations and recommends the following dosing regimens: for ARC patients, the recommended dose is 2.5 g, q8 h; for undergoing CRRT patients with infections caused by sensitive strains (i.e. MIC<4 mg/L) and infections at sites where hydrophilic antibiotics distribute well, a dose of 1.25 g, q8 h may be used; for undergoing CRRT patients with less sensitive strains or sites with poorer drug distribution, a dose of 2.5 g, q8 h or continuous infusion may be considered; for children aged 6 months to <18 years with normal or mildly impaired renal function, a dose of 62.5 mg/kg, q8 h is infused for 2 h (maximum dose not exceeding 2.5 g per dose); for infants aged 3~6 months with normal or mildly impaired renal function, a dose of 50 mg/kg, q8 h is infused for 2 h; for obese patients, the recommended dose is 2.5 g, q8 h, with therapeutic drug monitoring recommended; undergoing ECMO patients, elderly patients, and those with impaired liver function may also use the recommended dose of 2.5 g, q8 h.
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