LI Yan,LI Yamei,LEI Geyan,et al.Effect and mechanism of gracillin-induced autophagy in lung cancer A549 cells[J].ZHONGGUO YAOFANG,2024,35(08):912-917. DOI: 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2024.08.03.
Effect and mechanism of gracillin-induced autophagy in lung cancer A549 cells
To investigate the effect and mechanism of gracillin from
Reineckia carnea
on autophagy in non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells.
METHODS
2
Using A549 cells as subjects, the effects of different concentrations of gracillin (0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 μmol/L) on the proliferation of cells were detected by CCK-8 after being treated for different time (12, 24, 48 h). Compared with the control group without medication, the effect of gracillin (2 μmol/L) on the formation of autophagosomes in cells was observed by transmission electron microscope after 24 h of exposure. The aggregation of GFP-LC3 on autophagosome membrane was detected by GFP-LC3 plasmid transfection after being treated with gracillin (0.25, 0.5, 1, 2 μmol/L) for 24 h. Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot assay were used to detect the mRNA and protein expressions of family with sequence similarity 102 member A(FAM102A), the expressions of autophagy-related proteins [p62, Beclin-1, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B (LC3B)], and the expressions of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway-related proteins in A549 cells after being treated with gracillin (0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 μmol/L) for 24 h.
RESULTS
2
Gracillin significantly inhibited the proliferation of A549 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The IC
50
was 2.55 μmol/L at 24 h. After 24 h of gracillin treatment, autophagosomes with bilayer membrane structure were found in the cell cytoplasm, and GFP-LC3 green fluorescent spots on autophagosome membrane were obvious, representing an increasing trend as drug concentration. Compared with the control group, mRNA and protein expressions of FAM102A (0.5, 1, 2 μmol/L groups), protein expression of Beclin-1 (1, 2 μmol/L groups) and LC3B-Ⅱ/LC3B-Ⅰ ratio (2 μmol/L group) were significantly increased in different concentrations of gracillin groups, while the protein expression of p62 (1, 2 μmol/L groups), and the protein phosphorylations of Akt (1, 2 μmol/L groups) and PI3K (2 μmol/L group) were all decreased significantly (
P
<0.05 or
P
<0.01).
CONCLUSIONS
2
Gracillin can promote excessive autophagy in A549 cells by up-regulating mRNA and protein expressions of FAM102A and inhibiting PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, thus inhibiting cell proliferation.
LIU H , YANG J Q , XIONG L , et al . Studies on chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Reineckia carnea [J ] . Chin Tradit Pat Med , 2012 , 34 ( 9 ): 1785 - 1789 .
YANG J Q , CAO L , LI Y M , et al . Gracillin isolated from Reineckia carnea induces apoptosis of A549 cells via the mitochondrial pathway [J ] . Drug Des Devel Ther , 2021 , 15 : 233 - 243 .
LI Y M , LIU H , LIU X X , et al . Gracillin shows potential efficacy against non-small cell lung cancer by inhibiting the mTOR pathway [J ] . Front Oncol , 2022 , 12 : 851300 .
LU L H , WU D S , PENG L F , et al . Study on gracillin derivatives and their antitumor activity [J ] . J Yunnan Univ Nat Sci Ed , 2015 , 37 ( 3 ): 415 - 421 .
MIN H Y , PEI H L , HYUN S Y , et al . Potent anticancer effect of the natural steroidal saponin gracillin is produced by inhibiting glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation-mediated bioenergetics [J ] . Cancers , 2020 , 12 ( 4 ): 913 .
WANG D Y , FULTHORPE R , LISS S N , et al . Identification of estrogen-responsive genes by complementary deoxyribonucleic acid microarray and characterization of a novel early estrogen-induced gene:EEIG1 [J ] . Mol Endocrinol , 2004 , 18 ( 2 ): 402 - 411 .
FJAERLI H O , BUKHOLM G , SKJAERET C , et al . Cord blood gene expression in infants hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis [J ] . J Infect Dis , 2007 , 196 ( 3 ): 394 - 404 .
YORIMITSU T , KLIONSKY D J . Autophagy:molecular machinery for self-eating [J ] . Cell Death Differ , 2005 , 12 ( Suppl 2 ): 1542 - 1552 .
TANIDA I , UENO T , KOMINAMI E . LC3 and autophagy [J ] . Methods Mol Biol , 2008 , 445 : 77 - 88 .
ZHANG X W , WU N P , ZHOU C F , et al . Research pro-gress on mechanism and protein modification of Beclin1 in autophagy [J ] . Chin J Biol , 2023 , 36 ( 6 ): 751 - 758,763 .
CHEN J F , FU X T , DING Z B . Advances in autophagy-regulated multifunctional protein p62/SQSTM1 in tumor and its microenvironment [J ] . Chin J Clin Med , 2020 , 27 ( 2 ): 321 - 326 .
POPOVA N V , JÜCKER M . The role of mTOR signaling as a therapeutic target in cancer [J ] . Int J Mol Sci , 2021 , 22 ( 4 ): 1743 .
GAO Z , CHEN J F , FU X T , et al . Advances in autophagy regulation of macrophages involved in the construction of tumor microenvironment [J ] . Chin J Clin Med , 2021 , 28 ( 5 ): 894 - 899 .