Application effectiveness of an artificial intelligence-assisted handwashing robot in surgical hand antisepsis training for medical students

Liu Huayue; Yan Zihan; Fu Chong; Hu Xiaoxuan; Deng Yang; Liu Lu; Zhou Jinyi

doi:10.3760/cma.j.cn116021-20250513-02236

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Application effectiveness of an artificial intelligence-assisted handwashing robot in surgical hand antisepsis training for medical students

Digital Intelligence MedicalEducation | 更新时间：2026-10-26

- Application effectiveness of an artificial intelligence-assisted handwashing robot in surgical hand antisepsis training for medical students
- Chinese Journal of Medical Education Research Vol. 25, Issue 10, Pages: 1205-1211(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.苏州大学附属第一医院麻醉科，苏州 215006
  2.苏州大学苏州医学院，苏州 215000
  3.苏州大学附属第一医院临床教学办公室，苏州 215006
- 作者简介：
  
  Zhou Jinyi, Email: zhoujinyi@suda.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  The Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Soochow University(2024C033);The SP Practice Teaching Application Research Project of the Chinese Medicine Education Association(T-2025012);The Hospital-level Research Project of The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University(ZPKT20250101)
- DOI：10.3760/cma.j.cn116021-20250513-02236
  CLC： R-0;R-4;R6
- Received：13 May 2025，
  
  Published：20 October 2026
- 稿件说明：
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刘华跃, 颜子涵, 付冲, 等. 人工智能辅助洗手机器人在医学生外科洗手教学中的应用效果[J]. 中华医学教育探索杂志, 2026, 25(10): 1205-1211.

Liu Huayue, Yan Zihan, Fu Chong, et al. Application effectiveness of an artificial intelligence-assisted handwashing robot in surgical hand antisepsis training for medical students[J]. Chinese Journal of Medical Education Research, 2026, 25(10): 1205-1211.
刘华跃, 颜子涵, 付冲, 等. 人工智能辅助洗手机器人在医学生外科洗手教学中的应用效果[J]. 中华医学教育探索杂志, 2026, 25(10): 1205-1211. DOI： 10.3760/cma.j.cn116021-20250513-02236.

Liu Huayue, Yan Zihan, Fu Chong, et al. Application effectiveness of an artificial intelligence-assisted handwashing robot in surgical hand antisepsis training for medical students[J]. Chinese Journal of Medical Education Research, 2026, 25(10): 1205-1211. DOI： 10.3760/cma.j.cn116021-20250513-02236.

摘要

目的

探讨人工智能（artificial intelligence，AI）辅助洗手机器人用于医学生外科洗手教学的效果。

方法

2025年3月至8月，在苏州大学附属第一医院开展了一项随机对照试验。该试验纳入120名医学生，按照学生类别分层后，将其随机分为试验组（采用AI辅助教学）和对照组（采用传统带教），每组各60名。分别于培训当日和1个月后对2组学生进行考核，由AI系统和1名未参与教学的临床教师分别采用盲法进行评分。采用SPSS 26.0软件进行分析，组间比较采用独立样本

检验，技能保持情况采用重复测量方差分析，一致性评价采用组内相关系数（intraclass correlation coefficient，ICC）、配对

检验和Bland-Altman法。

结果

2组基线资料具有可比性（

0.05）。在首次考核中，试验组得分高于对照组（AI评分：90.12±3.03分 vs. 81.21

±6.47分；教师评分：89.90±4.95分 vs. 81.03±7.53分，均

0.001）；1个月后进行复测，试验组仍保持较高水平（均

0.001）。重复测量方差分析显示，组别主效应具有统计学意义（

0.001），交互效应无统计学意义（

0.05）。AI评分与教师评分的一致性良好，ICC均为0.94（95%置信区间：0.92~0.96），配对

检验显示差异无统计学意义（

0.05）。

结论

AI辅助洗手机器人有助于提高医学生外科洗手技能的学习效果，其评分结果与带教教师评分一致性较好，可作为传统带教的补充手段。

Abstract

Objective

To evaluate the effectiveness of an artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted handwashing robot in teaching surgical hand antisepsis to medical students.

Methods

A randomized controlled trial was conducted at The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from March to August 2025. A total of 120 medical students were enrolled

stratified by student category

and randomly assigned to either an experimental group (AI-assisted teaching

=60) or a control group (conventional instructor-led teaching

=60). Assessments were performed on the day of training and one month later. Both an AI system and a clinical instructor who was blinded to group allocation and not involved in the teaching independently scored the students. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 software. Intergroup comparisons were performed using the independent samples

-test. Skill retention was analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance. Agreement between raters was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient

paired

-test

and Bland-Altman analysis.

Results

Baseline characteristics were comparable between the two groups (

0.05). In the first assessment

the experimental group scored higher than the control group (AI scores: 90.12±3.03 vs. 81.21±6.47; instructor scores: 89.90±4.95 vs. 81.03±7.53; both

0.001). This superior performance was mainta

ined at the one-month follow-up assessment (both

0.001). Repeated measures analysis of variance revealed a statistically significant main effect for group (

0.001)

but insignificant interaction effect (

0.05). Agreement between AI and instructor scores was excellent

with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.94 (95% confidence interval: 0.92-0.96). The paired

-test showed no statistically significant difference between the two scoring methods (

0.05).

Conclusions

The AI-assisted handwashing robot can enhance the learning effectiveness of medical students for surgical hand antisepsis skills. Its scoring demonstrated good agreement with instructor evaluations

suggesting that it can serve as a supplementary tool to traditional instructor-led teaching.

关键词

Keywords

references

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