Risk modification rather than harm offset: protective boundaries of physical activity against adverse dietary exposures

Ning Ziheng; Zhao Shi’ao

doi:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202606116

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Risk modification rather than harm offset: protective boundaries of physical activity against adverse dietary exposures

Expert Review | 更新时间：2026-10-30

- Risk modification rather than harm offset: protective boundaries of physical activity against adverse dietary exposures
- Journal of Army Medical University Vol. 48, Issue 20, Pages: 2829-2837(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  澳门理工大学健康科学及体育学院，澳门
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.16016/j.2097-0927.202606116
  CLC： R151.41;R165
- Received：30 June 2026，
  
  Revised：2026-08-02，
  
  Accepted：03 August 2026，
  
  Published：30 October 2026
- 稿件说明：
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甯自衡，赵世傲.风险调节而非危害抵消：体力活动对不良饮食的健康保护边界［J］.陆军军医大学学报，2026，48（20）：2829-2837.DOI：10.16016/j.2097-0927.202606116.

Ning Z H，Zhao S A.Risk modification rather than harm offset： protective boundaries of physical activity against adverse dietary exposures［J］.J Army Med Univ，2026，48（20）：2829-2837.DOI：10.16016/j.2097-0927.202606116.
甯自衡，赵世傲.风险调节而非危害抵消：体力活动对不良饮食的健康保护边界［J］.陆军军医大学学报，2026，48（20）：2829-2837.DOI：10.16016/j.2097-0927.202606116. DOI：

Ning Z H，Zhao S A.Risk modification rather than harm offset： protective boundaries of physical activity against adverse dietary exposures［J］.J Army Med Univ，2026，48（20）：2829-2837.DOI：10.16016/j.2097-0927.202606116. DOI：

摘要

本文以不良饮食暴露为例，述评体力活动能否减轻、逆转或抵消不良饮食暴露相关健康风险。不良饮食暴露与体力活动不足是非传染性疾病发生发展和过早死亡的重要可改变因素，但二者并非简单替代关系。现有流行病学证据提示，较高体力活动水平和较好心肺适能可能减轻膳食质量不佳、酒精摄入、含糖饮料摄入及其他不良饮食暴露与慢性病发生发展和过早死亡之间的风险关联；其中，对整体膳食质量和饮酒的证据相对较多，对超加工食品、加工肉类和高钠饮食的直接交互证据仍有限。体力活动可通过改善能量平衡、体脂分布、胰岛素敏感性、炎症、血管功能和心肺适能，降低个体对部分饮食相关风险的易感性。体力活动可减轻部分不良饮食暴露相关风险，但这种风险调节不等同于生物学危害被中和。酒精乙醛毒性、DNA损伤、加工肉类相关致癌物、高钠血压负荷以及急性或成瘾性危害不会因运动而消失。公共卫生建议应强调减少不良饮食暴露与增加体力活动同步推进，而非将运动作为不健康行为的“抵消剂”。

Abstract

Focusing on adverse dietary exposures

this review examines whether physical activity can attenuate

reverse

or offset their associated health risks. Adverse dietary exposures and physical inactivity are both important modifiable factors in the development and progression of non-communicable diseases and premature mortality

but they are not simply interchangeable. Current epidemiological evidence suggests that higher levels of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness may attenuate the associations of poor diet quality

alcohol consumption

sugar-sweetened beverage intake

and other adverse dietary exposures with the development and progression of chronic diseases as well as premature mortality; among these

the evidence is relatively abundant for overall diet quality and alcohol consumption

whereas direct interaction evidence for ultra-processed foods

processed meat

and high-sodium diets remains limited. Physical activity may reduce individual susceptibility to some diet-related risks by improving energy balance

adiposity

insulin sensitivity

inflammation

vascular function

and cardiorespiratory fitness. It can attenuate some risks associated with adverse dietary exposures

but such risk regulation is not equivalent to the neutralization of biological hazards. Exposure-specific harms

including alcohol-related acetaldehyde toxicity and DNA damage

carcinogenic compounds from processed meat

sodium-related blood pressure load

addiction

or acute injury will not be eliminated by exercise. Therefore

public health recommendations should emphasize the simultaneous advancement of reducing adverse diet exposures and improving physical activity

rather than treating exercise as an “offset” for adverse dietary exposures.

关键词

Keywords

references

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