1.重庆医科大学公共卫生学院,重庆
2.高致病性病原微生物重庆市重点实验室,重庆
3.重庆市疾病预防与公共卫生研究中心,重庆市疾病预防控制中心(重庆市预防医学科学院),重庆
XIAO Hong,E-mail: 100120@cqmu.edu.cn
Received:08 January 2026,
Revised:2026-03-15,
Accepted:21 March 2026,
Published:30 May 2026
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肖雨,李迎丽,白群华,等.灵菌红素通过干扰代谢通路及下调生物膜相关基因抑制鲍曼不动杆菌生物膜形成[J].陆军军医大学学报,2026,48(10):1383-1395.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202601020.
XIAO Y,LI Y L,BAI Q H,et al.Prodigiosin inhibits Acinetobacter baumannii biofilm formation by disrupting metabolic pathways and downregulating biofilm-associated genes[J].J Army Med Univ,2026,48(10):1383-1395.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202601020.
肖雨,李迎丽,白群华,等.灵菌红素通过干扰代谢通路及下调生物膜相关基因抑制鲍曼不动杆菌生物膜形成[J].陆军军医大学学报,2026,48(10):1383-1395.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202601020. DOI:
XIAO Y,LI Y L,BAI Q H,et al.Prodigiosin inhibits Acinetobacter baumannii biofilm formation by disrupting metabolic pathways and downregulating biofilm-associated genes[J].J Army Med Univ,2026,48(10):1383-1395.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202601020. DOI:
目的
2
鲍曼不动杆菌(
Acinetobacter baumannii
,Ab)是一种常见的条件致病菌,其生物膜的形成能显著增强细菌的耐药性和环境耐受性,从而给临床抗感染治疗带来挑战。灵菌红素(prodigiosin,PG
)作为一种具有广谱抗菌活性的天然红色色素,其对Ab及其生物膜的具体作用机制尚不明确。本研究以黏质沙雷氏菌CM01来源的PG为实验对象,探究其对Ab的抑菌作用及其抗生物膜作用,并从表型及全基因组转录水平的层面,探究其潜在的分子机制与关键调控靶点。
方法
2
本研究的实验菌株包括7株Ab临床菌株和1株Ab标准菌株。采用纸片扩散法评估Ab临床菌株的耐药性;采用微量肉汤稀释法测定PG对8株Ab的抑菌活性;采用结晶紫染色法检测PG对8株Ab的抗生物膜活性;利用棋盘实验法评估PG与替加环素联用对7株Ab的抗生物膜活性效果;采用苯酚-硫酸法和二喹啉甲酸法测定最小生物膜抑制浓度(minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration,MBIC)的PG处理后8株Ab胞外聚合物中的胞外多糖和胞外蛋白的含量;采用H
2
O
2
敏感性试验和细胞表面疏水性(cell surface hydrophobicity,CSH)实验测定MBIC浓度的PG处理对8株Ab的H
2
O
2
敏感性和Ab表面疏水性影响;采用转录组测序(RNA sequencing,RNA-Seq)分析1/2最低抑菌浓度(minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC)的PG作用Ab标准株后差异表达的基因。
结果
2
7株Ab临床株中6株为多重耐药菌株;PG对8株Ab的MIC为64~128 μg/mL;PG对8株Ab生物膜形成的抑制浓度为0.1~1.0 μg/mL(抑制率
>
50%);PG与替加环素联用对7株Ab主要发挥相加作用,分数抑制浓度指数(fractional inhibitory concentration index,FICI)指数为0.5~1.0;经PG处理后,8株Ab胞外多糖含量的中位数由28.77 μg/mL降至14.90 μg/mL(
P
<
0.05),8株Ab胞外蛋白生成量的中位数由0.192降至0.164(
P
<
0.05),8株Ab表面疏水性从(41.31±6.51)%下降至(31.61±7.18)%(
P
<
0.05),8株Ab在H
2
O
2
条件下的存活细菌数由6.7×10⁶ CFU/mL降至1.5×10⁴ CFU/mL(
P
<
0.05)。转录组测序分析结果显示,与阴性对照组相比,实验组有1 342个差异表达基因(|Log
2
FC|
>
1,
P
<
0.05),其中737个显著下调,605个显著上调,差异基因主要富集在氨基酸代谢、肽聚糖合成以及能量代谢等通路,与生物膜形成相关的多个基因显著下调。
结论
2
PG具有抑制Ab生长及抗生物膜活性,其机制是通过干扰氨基酸代谢、肽聚糖合成及能量代谢通路,下调生物膜相关基因表达,从而抑制胞外多糖和胞外蛋白的生成,降低细菌生存抗性,最终阻碍生物膜形成。
Objective
Acinetobacter baumannii
(Ab)
a common opportunistic pathogen
forms biofilms that enhance antibiotic resistance and environmental tolerance
posing challenges for clinical treatment. Prodigiosin (PG)
a natural red pigment with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity
has unclear mechanisms against Ab and its biofilms. This study investigated PG (derived from
Serratia marcescens
CM01) for its antibacterial/antibiofilm effects on Ab and explored its molecular mechanisms through phenotypic and whol
e-genome transcriptomic analyses. Methods Seven clinical Ab strains and one reference strain were studied. Antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed by disk diffusion; PG’s minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined
via
microbroth dilution; antibiofilm activity (0.1 to 3.0 μg/mL PG) was quantified by crystal violet staining; synergistic effects of tigecycline were evaluated via checkerboard assay. Under minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC)
PG’s impact on extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) was measured using phenol-sulfuric acid (exopolysaccharides) and bicinchoninic acid (extracellular proteins) assays. Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) sensitivity and cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) were assessed post-MBIC PG treatment. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analyzed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Ab reference strain exposed to 1/2 MIC PG.
Results
2
Six of seven clinical
Ab
strains exhibited multidrug resistance. Prodigiosin (PG) demonstrated minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 64 to 128 μg/mL against all eight strains. Biofilm formation was inhibited at PG concentrations of 0.1 to 1.0 μg/mL (inhibition rate
>
50%). Synergy testing with tigecycline yielded fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICI) of 0.5 to 1.0
indicating additive effects. PG treatment at minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) significantly reduced exopolysaccharide content (from 28.77 μg/mL to 14.90 μg/mL;
P
<
0.05)
extracellular protein production (from 0.192 to 0.164;
P
<
0.05)
and cell surface hydrophobicity [from (41.31±6.51)% to (31.61±7.18)
P
<
0.05
]
. Bacterial survival under hydrogen peroxide stress decreased from 6.7×10⁶ CFU/mL to 1.5×10⁴ CFU/mL (
P
<
0.05). RNA sequencing revealed 1 342 differentially expressed genes (|Log₂FC|
>
1
P
<
0.05) with 737 downregulated and 605 upregulated
showing significant enrichment in amino acid metabolis
m
peptidoglycan biosynthesis
and energy metabolism pathways. Key biofilm-associated genes were substantially downregulated.
Conclusion
2
PG inhibits Ab growth and biofilm formation by disrupting amino acid
peptidoglycan and energy metabolic pathways
downregulating biofilm-related genes
reducing EPS production
diminishing bacterial stress resistance
and ultimately impeding biofilm development.
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