Effects and underlying mechanisms of ginsenoside Rb1 in improving non-alcoholic steatohepatitis <italic style="font-style: italic">via</italic> modulation of the gut-liver axis

FU Hui; XU Benjin; WEI Yuyang; ZHANG Yitao; LIU Yiyan; LU Chengbo; HAO Jing; SONG Binyu

doi:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202512059

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

Effects and underlying mechanisms of ginsenoside Rb1 in improving non-alcoholic steatohepatitis via modulation of the gut-liver axis

Basic Medicine | 更新时间：2026-02-04

- Effects and underlying mechanisms of ginsenoside Rb1 in improving non-alcoholic steatohepatitis via modulation of the gut-liver axis
- Journal of Army Medical University Vol. 48, Issue 2, Pages: 158-168(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.山西医药学院：，医学检验系，山西汾阳
  2.山西医药学院：，科技中心，山西汾阳
- 作者简介：
  
  FU Hui, E-mail： fuhui132@163.com
- 基金信息：
  
  the Science and Technology Innovation Project of Higher Education Institutions of Shanxi Province(2024L488);the Innovation Training Program for College Students of Higher Education Institutions of Shanxi Province(S20241011401007)
- DOI：10.16016/j.2097-0927.202512059
  CLC： R282.71;R285.5;R575.5
- Received：11 December 2025，
  
  Revised：2026-01-05，
  
  Accepted：06 January 2026，
  
  Published：30 January 2026
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
付慧，徐本锦，卫宇阳，等.人参皂苷Rb1通过调节肠-肝轴改善非酒精性脂肪性肝炎的作用及机制研究［J］.陆军军医大学学报，2026，48（02）：158-168.DOI：10.16016/j.2097-0927.202512059.

FU H，XU B J，WEI Y Y，et al.Effects and underlying mechanisms of ginsenoside Rb1 in improving non-alcoholic steatohepatitis via modulation of the gut-liver axis［J］.J Army Med Univ，2026，48（02）：158-168.DOI：10.16016/j.2097-0927.202512059.
付慧，徐本锦，卫宇阳，等.人参皂苷Rb1通过调节肠-肝轴改善非酒精性脂肪性肝炎的作用及机制研究［J］.陆军军医大学学报，2026，48（02）：158-168.DOI：10.16016/j.2097-0927.202512059. DOI：

FU H，XU B J，WEI Y Y，et al.Effects and underlying mechanisms of ginsenoside Rb1 in improving non-alcoholic steatohepatitis via modulation of the gut-liver axis［J］.J Army Med Univ，2026，48（02）：158-168.DOI：10.16016/j.2097-0927.202512059. DOI：

摘要

目的

探讨人参皂苷Rb1对非酒精性脂肪性肝炎（non-alcoholic steatohepatitis， NASH）的治疗作用及其通过调节肠道菌群、修复肠屏障改善肝脏炎症和代谢紊乱的机制。

方法

建立高脂高胆固醇饮食（high-fat， high-cholesterol diet， HFHCD）诱导的NASH小鼠模型，并给予Rb1腹腔注射干预；构建油酸+胆固醇诱导的HepG2细胞NASH模型进行验证。采用血清生化、组织病理（HE、Oil Red O、Masson、天狼星红染色）、Western blot检测炎症及紧密连接蛋白表达；16S rRNA基因测序分析肠道菌群结构；Spearman相关性分析和可解释机器学习（SHapley Additive exPlanations， SHAP）识别关键菌群与代谢表型的关联。

结果

Rb1显著降低NASH小鼠血清TC、TG、ALT、AST及LDL-C水平（

0.05），减少肝脏脂滴积累和纤维化，抑制TNF-α和IL-1β表达，提升闭锁小带蛋白-1（zonula occludens-1， ZO-1）和闭合蛋白（Occludin）水平（

0.05）；增加乳杆菌属、双歧杆菌属等有益菌丰度，减少脱硫弧菌属等有害菌；肠道菌群多样性显著提高（

0.05）。相关性分析显示，Rb1富集的有益菌属与代谢改善指标呈显著正相关（

0.05），与炎症及肝损伤标志物呈强负相关（

0.05）。机器学习模型中ALT为NASH预测的最核心驱动因子。

结论

Rb1可通过调节肠道菌群结构、修复肠屏障功能，抑制炎症反应，改善脂质代谢，显著缓解NASH的病理进展。

Abstract

Objective

To investigate the therapeutic effects of ginsenoside Rb1 on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and its mechanisms through modulating gut microbiota and repairing intestinal barriers in liver inflammation and metabolic disorders.

Methods

A model NASH mouse was established by high-fat

high-cholesterol diet (HFHCD) feeding. After modeling

the NASH mice were treated with Rb1

via

intraperitoneal injection. An

in vitro

NASH model was induced with oleic acid+cholesterol in HepG2 cells. Serum biochemistry

histopathological observation (HE

Oil Red O

Masson

Sirius Red staining)

and Western blotting (inflammatory and tight junction proteins) were performed. Gut microbiota was analyzed with 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The correlations between key microbiota and metabolic phenotypes were analyzed using Spearman correlation analysis and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis.

Results

Rb1 significantly reduced serum levels of total cholesterol (TC)

triglyceride (TG)

alanine transaminase (ALT)

aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and low-density lipid-cholesterol (LDL-C) in the NASH mice (

0.05)

decreased lipid accumulation and fibrosis in liver tissues

inhibited TNF-α and IL-1β expression

and increased zonula occludens-1（ZO-1) and Occludin levels (

0.05). It also boosted beneficial bacteria like

Lactobacillus

and

Bifidobacterium

reduced harmful bacteria such as

Desulfovibrio

and enhanced gut microbiota diversity (

0.05). Correlation analysis showed that beneficial bacteria enriched by Rb1 were positively correlated with the improvements of metabolic indicators and negatively with inflammatory factors and liver injury markers (

0.05). The machine learning model identified ALT as the key predictor for NASH.

Conclusion

Rb1 can inhibit inflammatory response and improve lipid metabolism by modulating gut microbiota and repairing the intestinal barrier

and thus significantly alleviate NASH progression.

关键词

Keywords

references

SAIGO Y ， UNO K ， ISHIGURE T ， et al . Pathophysiological features of rat models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis ［J］. In Vivo ， 2024 ， 38 （ 3 ）： 990 - 999 . DOI： 10.21873/invivo.13532 http://dx.doi.org/10.21873/invivo.13532 .

WANG G G ， SHEN X W ， WANG Y C ， et al . Analysis of risk factors related to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease： a retrospective study based on 31， 718 adult Chinese individuals ［J］. Front Med ， 2023 ， 10 ： 1168499 . DOI： 10.3389/fmed.2023.1168499 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2023.1168499 .

CHEN Z J ， LIAO S Q ， WU S H ， et al . The gut-liver axis in liver disease： molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets ［J］. MedComm ， 2025 ， 6 （ 11 ）： e70458 . DOI： 10.1002/mco2.70458 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mco2.70458 .

LI J X ， YANG M Y ， HUANG W ， et al . The mediating role of inflammatory factors in the association between dietary index for gut microbiota and hypertension ［J］. Sci Rep ， 2025 ， 15 （ 1 ）： 36099 . DOI： 10.1038/s41598-025-19929-0 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-19929-0 .

MENG X ， ZHANG G ， CAO H ， et al . Gut dysbacteriosis and intestinal disease： mechanism and treatment ［J］. J Appl Microbiol ， 2020 ， 129 （ 4 ）： 787 - 805 . DOI： 10.1111/jam. 14661 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jam.14661 .

LI X ， WU D ， NIU J J ， et al . Intestinal flora： a pivotal role in investigation of traditional Chinese medicine ［J］. Am J Chin Med ， 2021 ， 49 （ 2 ）： 237 - 268 . DOI： 10.1142/S0192415X21500130 http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X21500130 .

ZHU L R ， LI S S ， ZHENG W Q ， et al . Targeted modulation of gut microbiota by traditional Chinese medicine and natural products for liver disease therapy ［J］. Front Immunol ， 2023 ， 14 ： 1086078 . DOI： 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1086078 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1086078 .

LAN T ， YU Y ， ZHANG J ， et al . Cordycepin ameliorates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathway ［J］. Hepatology ， 2021 ， 74 （ 2 ）： 686 - 703 . DOI： 10.1002/hep.31749 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hep.31749 .

LI C L ， YU S Y ， LI X X ， et al . Medicinal formula Huazhi-Rougan attenuates non-alcoholic steatohepatitis through enhancing fecal bile acid excretion in mice ［J］. Front Pharmacol ， 2022 ， 13 ： 833414 . DOI： 10.3389/fphar. 2022. 833414 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.833414 .

YU X Z ， YE L F ， ZHANG H ， et al . Ginsenoside Rb1 ameliorates liver fat accumulation by upregulating perilipin expression in adipose tissue of db/db obese mice ［J］. J Ginseng Res ， 2015 ， 39 （ 3 ）： 199 - 205 . DOI： 10.1016/j.jgr.2014.11.004 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jgr.2014.11.004 .

ZOU H ， ZHANG M ， ZHU X T ， et al . Ginsenoside Rb1 improves metabolic disorder in high-fat diet-induced obese mice associated with modulation of gut microbiota ［J］. Front Microbiol ， 2022 ， 13 ： 826487 . DOI： 10.3389/fmicb. 2022. 826487 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.826487 .

MANZOOR R ， AHMED W ， AFIFY N ， et al . Trust your gut： the association of gut microbiota and liver disease ［J］. Microorganisms ， 2022 ， 10 （ 5 ）： 1045 . DOI： 10.3390/microorganisms10051045 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10051045 .

MAO Q Y ， LIN B B ， ZHANG W L ， et al . Understanding the role of ursodeoxycholic acid and gut microbiome in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease： current evidence and perspectives ［J］. Front Pharmacol ， 2024 ， 15 ： 1371574 . DOI： 10.3389/fphar.2024.1371574 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2024.1371574 .

FAN Y ， LIU Y H ， SHAO C Y ， et al . Gut microbiota-targeted therapeutics for metabolic disorders： mechanistic insights into the synergy of probiotic-fermented herbal bioactives ［J］. Int J Mol Sci ， 2025 ， 26 （ 12 ）： 5486 . DOI： 10.3390/ijms26125486 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms26125486 .

ILYASKINA D ， ALTVEŞ S ， DONG L M ， et al . Adaptive and metabolic convergence in rhizosphere and gut microbiomes ［J］. Microbiome ， 2025 ， 13 （ 1 ）： 173 . DOI： 10.1186/s40168-025-02179-7 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40168-025-02179-7 .

MA S B ， ZHANG Z ， WEI Z Q ， et al . SADI-S and SG surgeries induce distinct bile acid profiles linked to improved glucose metabolism via microbiota interactions ［J］. Front Microbiol ， 2025 ， 16 ： 1579149 . DOI： 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1579149 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1579149 .

YUAN S J ， JIA W T ， LIU X M ， et al . Therapeutic effect of fecal microbiota transplantation on hyperuricemia mice by improving gut microbiota ［J］. Front Microbiol ， 2025 ， 16 ： 1599107 . DOI： 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1599107 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1599107 .

DANG A T ， MARSLAND B J . Microbes， metabolites， and the gut-lung axis ［J］. Mucosal Immunol ， 2019 ， 12 （ 4 ）： 843 - 850 . DOI： 10.1038/s41385-019-0160-6 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41385-019-0160-6 .

ZHANG Q Z ， CHEN D P ， DING H T ， et al . Lactobacillus amylovorus extracellular vesicles mitigate mammary gland ferroptosis via the gut-mammary gland axis ［J］. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes ， 2025 ， 11 （ 1 ）： 113 . DOI： 10.1038/s41522-025-00752-4 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41522-025-00752-4 .

孙义竹，李雨捷，梁浩，等 . 基于机器学习算法建立非肝脏手术术后肝损伤风险预测模型［J］. 陆军军医大学学报， 2024 ， 46 （ 7 ）： 760 - 767 . DOI： 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202312018 http://dx.doi.org/10.16016/j.2097-0927.202312018 .

SUN Y Z ， LI Y J ， LIANG H ， et al . Establishment of risk prediction model for postoperative liver injury after non-liver surgery based on different machine learning algorithms ［J］. J Army Med Univ ， 2024 ， 46 （ 7 ）： 760 - 767 . DOI： 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202312018 http://dx.doi.org/10.16016/j.2097-0927.202312018 .

MARTIN-GALLAUSIAUX C ， MARINELLI L ， BLOTTIÈRE H M ， et al . SCFA： mechanisms and functional importance in the gut ［J］. Proc Nutr Soc ， 2021 ， 80 （ 1 ）： 37 - 49 . DOI： 10.1017/S0029665120006916 http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0029665120006916 .

李胜鹏，肖续，周安，等 . 肝硬化患者TIPS术后肠道菌群特征性改变及其与临床指标的相关性研究［J］. 陆军军医大学学报， 2024 ， 46 （ 12 ）： 1425 - 1433 . DOI： 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202309122 http://dx.doi.org/10.16016/j.2097-0927.202309122 .

LI S P ， XIAO X ， ZHOU A ， et al . Changes in characteristics of gut microbiota and their correlation with clinical indicators in cirrhosis patients after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt ［J］. J Army Med Univ ， 2024 ， 46 （ 12 ）： 1425 - 1433 . DOI： 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202309122 http://dx.doi.org/10.16016/j.2097-0927.202309122 .

HU J ， HOU Q L ， ZHENG W Y ， et al . Lactobacillus gasseri LA39 promotes hepatic primary bile acid biosynthesis and intestinal secondary bile acid biotransformation ［J］. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B ， 2023 ， 24 （ 8 ）： 734 - 748 . DOI： 10.1631/jzus.B2200439 http://dx.doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B2200439 .

RODRIGUES R R ， GURUNG M ， LI Z P ， et al . TransKingdom interactions between Lactobacilli and hepatic mitochondria attenuate western diet-induced diabetes ［J］. Nat Commun ， 2021 ， 12 （ 1 ）： 101 . DOI： 10.1038/s41467-020-20313-x http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-20313-x .

LENG X H ， WEI X N ， WANG J ， et al . Impacts of intestinal microbiota metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide on cardiovascular disease： a bibliometric analysis ［J］. Front Microbiol ， 2025 ， 15 ： 1491731 . DOI： 10.3389/fmicb. 2024. 1491731 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1491731 .

YIN Y S ， WANG Z L ， YANG Y A ， et al . Ginsenoside Rb1 regulates CPT1A deacetylation to inhibit intramuscular fat infiltration after rotator cuff tear ［J］. iScience ， 2024 ， 27 （ 7 ）： 110331 . DOI： 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110331 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2024.110331 .

SHEN L ， XIONG Y ， WANG D Q ， et al . Ginsenoside Rb1 reduces fatty liver by activating AMP-activated protein kinase in obese rats ［J］. J Lipid Res ， 2013 ， 54 （ 5 ）： 1430 - 1438 . DOI： 10.1194/jlr.M035907 http://dx.doi.org/10.1194/jlr.M035907 .

Views

下载量

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

提交

Tools

Publicity Resources

Berberine improves drug-induced liver injury in mice by modulating gut microbiota

Time-restricted feeding attenuates DSS-induced colitis in mice by modulating regenerating islet-derived protein 3 gamma and gut microbiota

Effects of long-term 2.65 GHz radiofrequency radiation on inflammatory response and intestinal microbiota in mice

Characteristics of gut microbiota in people with circadian rhythm disruption and its correlation with cognition

Related Author

REN Hang

BAI Jing

YE Xueshuai

LIU Guoqiang

ZHANG Junqi

YANG Yong

TAN Mengtian

LI Lei

Related Institution

Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery， Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering

Department of Geriatrics， Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering

School of Basic Medical Sciences，Hebei University of Engineering

School of Clinical Medicine, Hebei University of Engineering

Clinical Medical Research Center， Second Affiliated Hospital， Army Medical University （Third Military Medical University）

⁰

Effects and underlying mechanisms of ginsenoside Rb1 in improving non-alcoholic steatohepatitis via modulation of the gut-liver axis

DOI：10.16016/j.2097-0927.202512059

摘要

Abstract

关键词

Keywords

references