Low-load blood flow restriction training as a viable alternative to high-load eccentric training for improving Achilles tendon properties: the superiority of a calf-specific regimen

FAN Jingyuan; LI Jing; PAN Weimin; ZHANG Longguo; FENG Huan; WEI Xiaoyu; HUANG Yan; JIANG Yingpeng; LIU Min

doi:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202511036

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Low-load blood flow restriction training as a viable alternative to high-load eccentric training for improving Achilles tendon properties: the superiority of a calf-specific regimen

Military Medicine | 更新时间：2026-03-02

- Low-load blood flow restriction training as a viable alternative to high-load eccentric training for improving Achilles tendon properties: the superiority of a calf-specific regimen
- Journal of Army Medical University Vol. 48, Issue 4, Pages: 470-478(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.西安体育学院运动与健康科学学院，陕西西安
  2.体育智能装备关键技术陕西省高校工程研究中心，陕西西安
  3.西安高新医院康复医学科，陕西西安
  4.山西省荣军医院康复医学科，山西太原
  5.空军军医大学西京医院骨科，陕西西安
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  the Natural Science Basic Research Plan of Shaanxi Province(2021JM-530)
- DOI：10.16016/j.2097-0927.202511036
  CLC： R364.12;R493;R686.109
- Received：07 November 2025，
  
  Revised：2026-01-12，
  
  Accepted：16 January 2026，
  
  Published：28 February 2026
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
樊竞远，李婧，潘玮敏，等.低负荷血流限制训练可作为高负荷离心训练的有效替代以改善跟腱性能：小腿方案为更优选择［J］.陆军军医大学学报，2026，48（04）：470-478.DOI：10.16016/j.2097-0927.202511036.

FAN J Y，LI J，PAN W M，et al.Low-load blood flow restriction training as a viable alternative to high-load eccentric training for improving Achilles tendon properties： the superiority of a calf-specific regimen［J］.J Army Med Univ，2026，48（04）：470-478.DOI：10.16016/j.2097-0927.202511036.
樊竞远，李婧，潘玮敏，等.低负荷血流限制训练可作为高负荷离心训练的有效替代以改善跟腱性能：小腿方案为更优选择［J］.陆军军医大学学报，2026，48（04）：470-478.DOI：10.16016/j.2097-0927.202511036. DOI：

FAN J Y，LI J，PAN W M，et al.Low-load blood flow restriction training as a viable alternative to high-load eccentric training for improving Achilles tendon properties： the superiority of a calf-specific regimen［J］.J Army Med Univ，2026，48（04）：470-478.DOI：10.16016/j.2097-0927.202511036. DOI：

摘要

目的

对比两种不同的血流限制康复方案与经典高负荷离心抗阻训练（high-load eccentric resistance training，HL）对健康成年人跟腱形态及生物力学性能的影响，为军事训练中跟腱损伤的预防提供替代训练方案。

方法

采用随机对照试验的研究方法，于2024年12月20-23日招募西安市某高校健康成年人55例，采用随机数字表法分为3组：高负荷离心抗阻训练组（HL组，

=18）、小腿血流限制结合低负荷离心抗阻训练（low-load eccentric resistance training with calf-applied blood flow restriction，C-BFR）组（

=16）和大腿血流限制结合低负荷离心抗阻训练（low-load eccentric resistance training with thigh-applied blood flow restriction，T-BFR）组（

=19），3组均完成8周训练方案，分别于干预前、6周、8周时采用彩色多普勒超声评估跟腱横截面积，采用彩色多普勒超声及无线肌肉测力计评估跟腱刚度、跟腱杨氏模量，同步采用无线肌肉测力计及表面肌电检测内侧腓肠肌最大自主等长收缩力（maximal voluntary isometric contraction，MVIC），采用三维测力台测量反向运动跳（counter movement jump，CMJ）跳跃高度及下落跳（drop jump，DJ）触地时间。

结果

干预8周后，采用彩色多普勒超声评估跟腱横截面积，3组跟腱横截面积均

较干预前显著增加（

0.01，

²=0.847），且C-BFR组增幅高于T-BFR组。干预8周后，采用彩色多普勒超声及无线肌肉测力计评估跟腱刚度、跟腱杨氏模量，3组跟腱刚度均较干预前显著增加（

0.01，

²=0.722），且C-BFR组增幅高于HL组与T-BFR组；T-BFR组跟腱杨氏模量较干预前差异无统计学意义（

0.05），C-BFR组与HL组均较干预前显著增加（

0.05，

²=0.181），且C-BFR组增幅高于HL组与T-BFR组。干预8周后，采用无线肌肉测力计及表面肌电检测内侧腓肠肌MVIC，3组MVIC均较干预前显著增加（

0.01，

²=0.775），且C-BFR组增幅高于T-BFR组。干预8周后，采用三维测力台测量CMJ跳跃高度及DJ触地时间，3组CMJ跳跃高度均较干预前显著增加（

0.01，

²=0.569），且C-BFR组增幅高于T-BFR组；3组DJ触地时间均较干预前显著缩短（

0.01，

²=0.518），且C-BFR组缩短增幅高于T-BFR组。

结论

两种不同的血流限制方案结合低负荷离心抗阻训练均可使跟腱形态、生物力学性能和运动学表现达到与经典高负荷离心抗阻训练相似的改善效果；且相较于T-BFR方案，C-BFR方案更具优势。

Abstract

Objective

To compare the effects of 2 different blood flow restriction (BFR) rehabilitation protocols versus classic high-load eccentric resistance training on the morphology and biomechanical properties of the Achilles tendon in healthy adults

and to provide alternative training strategies for preventing Achilles tendon injuries in military training. Methods A randomized controlled trial was conducted. Fifty-five healthy adults from a university in Xi’an were enrolled between December 20 and 23

2024

and randomly assigned to one of three groups using a random number table: a high-load eccentric resistance training group (HL

=18)

a low-load eccentric resistance training with calf-applied BFR group (C-BFR

=16)

and a low-load eccentric resistance training with thigh-applied BFR group (T-BFR

=19). All groups completed an 8-week training program. Achilles tendon cross-sectional area was assessed using color Doppler ultrasonography at baseline

6 weeks and 8 weeks. Achilles tendon stiffness and Young’s modulus were evaluated using color Doppler ultrasonography

and a wireless microFET3 dynamometer. The maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of the medial gastrocnemius was simultaneously measured using the wireless microFET3 and surface electromyography. Countermovement jump (CMJ) height and drop jump (DJ) ground contact time were measured using a three-dimensional force platform.

Results

After 8 weeks of intervention

color Doppler ultrasonography assessment revealed that the cross-sectional area of the Achilles tendon significantly increased in all three groups compared to baseline (

0.01

²=0.847)

with a greater increase in the C-BFR group than in the T-BFR group. Tendon stiffness significantly increased in all three groups compared to baseline (

0.01

²=0.722)

and the increase was greater in the C-BFR group than in the HL and T-BFR groups. For Young’s modulus

no statistically significant change was observed in the T-BFR group compared to baseline (

0.05)

while both the C-BFR and HL groups showed significant increases (

0.05

²=0.181)

with a greater increase in the C-BFR group than in the HL and T-BFR groups. The MVIC of the medial gastrocnemius significantly increased in all three groups compared to baseline (

0.01

²=0.775)

with a greater increase in the C-BFR group than in the T-BFR group. CMJ height significantly increased in all three groups (

0.01

²=0.569)

with a greater increase in the C-BFR group than in the T-BFR group. DJ ground contact time significantly shortened in all three groups (

0.01

²=0.518)

and the shortening was greater in the C-BFR group than in the T-BFR group. Conclusion　Both C-BFR and T-BFR combined with low-load eccentric resistance training can achieve improvements in Achilles tendon morphology

biomechanical properties

and kinematic perfor

mance similar to those achieved with classic high-load eccentric resistance training. Furthermore

compared to the T-BFR protocol

the C-BFR protocol demonstrates superior benefits.

关键词

Keywords

references

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