1.山东第二医科大学公共卫生学院,山东潍坊
2.空军军医大学预防医学系辐射防护医学教研室,特殊作业环境危害评估与防治教育部重点实验室,陕西西安
Received:19 October 2025,
Revised:2026-01-08,
Accepted:16 January 2026,
Published:28 February 2026
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李姜怡,郑博,王宇欣,等.人脐带间充质干细胞移植通过改善线粒体功能与减轻氧化应激修复雄性小鼠放射性生殖损伤[J].陆军军医大学学报,2026,48(04):433-444.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202510053.
LI J G,ZHENG B,WANG Y X,et al.Transplantation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells repairs radiation-induced reproductive injury in male mice via improving mitochondrial function and attenuating oxidative stress[J].J Army Med Univ,2026,48(04):433-444.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202510053.
李姜怡,郑博,王宇欣,等.人脐带间充质干细胞移植通过改善线粒体功能与减轻氧化应激修复雄性小鼠放射性生殖损伤[J].陆军军医大学学报,2026,48(04):433-444.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202510053. DOI:
LI J G,ZHENG B,WANG Y X,et al.Transplantation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells repairs radiation-induced reproductive injury in male mice via improving mitochondrial function and attenuating oxidative stress[J].J Army Med Univ,2026,48(04):433-444.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202510053. DOI:
目的
2
探究人脐带间充质干细胞(human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells,hUC-MSCs)对雄性小鼠放射性生殖损伤的改善作用及其潜在机制。
方法
2
在获得空军军医大学西京医院妇产科健康足月妊娠孕妇知情同意并签署知情同意书后,于2024年12月在手术室无菌条件下采集1段6~8 cm长的健康足月新生儿的脐带组织,用于分离培养hUC-MSCs。将45只6~8周龄健康雄性C57BL/6小鼠[体质量(22±2)g]通过随机数字表法分为对照+尾静脉注射PBS组(Control+PBS,
n
=3)、对照+尾静脉注射hUC-MSCs组(Control+MSCs,
n
=6)、照射+尾静脉注射hUC-MSCs组(Rad+MSCs,
n
=6)、对照组(Control,
n
=10)、照射组(Rad,
n
=10)及照射+干细胞干预组(Rad+hUC-MSCs,
n
=10)。使用
60
Co γ射线对Rad组、Rad+MSCs组和Rad+hUC-MSCs组小鼠进行全身单次照射,剂量率1.28 Gy/min,总剂量6 Gy。照射结束后,Rad+MSCs组和Rad+hUC-MSCs组小鼠立即经尾静脉单次注射hUC-MSCs悬液(2×10
6
/200 μL)。采用多模式动物活体成像系统及共聚焦荧光显微镜观察小鼠睾丸组织中hUC-MSCs的分布情况。照射后12周,取材并剥离双侧睾丸组织进行称量,计算睾丸系数;显微镜下评估小鼠精子质量;采用苏木精-伊红(hematoxylin and eosin staining,HE)染色观察小鼠睾丸形态结构;通过流式细胞术评估小鼠睾丸组织活性氧(reacti
ve oxygen species,ROS)及线粒体膜电位(mitochondrial membrane potential,MMP)水平;通过比色法检测睾丸组织中丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)、总超氧化物歧化酶(total super oxide dismutase,T-SOD)和过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)含量;应用TUNEL染色检测睾丸细胞凋亡情况;采用Western blot检测睾丸组织中E3泛素蛋白连接酶帕金蛋白(E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase parkin,Parkin)、磷酸酶和张力蛋白同源激酶1(PTEN-induced putative kinase 1,PINK1)、苄氯素1(Beclin1)、线粒体动力蛋白样GTP酶视神经萎缩蛋白1(OPA1 mitochondrial dynamin-like GTPase,OPA1)、线粒体动力相关蛋白1(dynamin-related protein 1,Drp1)、Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bcl2-associated x protein,Bax)、B淋巴细胞瘤-2(B cell lymphoma-2,Bcl-2)的表达情况。
结果
2
照射后24、48 h,多模式动物活体成像系统观察发现,Control+PBS组小鼠睾丸组织未见荧光信号,Control+MSCs组与Rad+MSCs组小鼠睾丸组织中均可见荧光信号,进一步通过共聚焦荧光显微镜观察发现,在Control+MSCs组与Rad+MSCs组小鼠睾丸间质区域可见红色荧光,检测到荧光染料标记的hUC-MSCs信号。照射后12周,与Control组相比,Rad组小鼠精子数量(
P
<
0.05)和活力(
P
<
0.01)显著降低,畸形率显著升高(
P
<
0.001);睾丸生精细胞出现空泡化且排列紊乱,生精小管直径和生精上皮厚度减小(
P
<
0.001);睾丸组织ROS水平升高(
P
<
0.05),MMP水平显著降低(
P
<
0.001);MDA含量明显升高(
P
<
0.001),T-SOD活力升高(
P
<
0.05),CAT活力降低(
P
<
0.05);睾丸组织中Parkin(
P
<
0.01)、PINK1(
P
<
0.05)、Beclin1(
P
<
0.05)、OPA1(
P
<
0.01)和Drp1(
P
<
0.05)蛋白表达升高,TUNEL
+
细胞增多(
P
<
0.001),Bcl-2/Bax比值降低(
P
<
0.01)。与Rad组相比,Rad+hUC-MSCs组小鼠精子数量和精子活力显著升高(
P
<
0.05),精子畸形率显著降低(
P
<
0.001);睾丸生精细胞空泡化和排列紊乱情况得到改善,生精上皮厚度增加(
P
<
0.01);睾丸组织ROS水平降低(
P
<
0.05),MMP水平明显升高(
P
<
0.01);MDA含量明显减少(
P
<
0.001),T-SOD活力降低(
P
<
0.05),CAT活力升高(
P
<
0.05);睾丸组织中Parkin、PINK1、Beclin1、OPA1和Drp1蛋白表达降低(
P
<
0.05),TUNEL
+
细胞减少(
P
<
0.001),Bcl-2/Bax比值升高(
P
<
0.05)。
结论
2
hUC-MSCs可能通过改善线粒体损伤,减轻睾丸组织氧化应激损伤和细胞凋亡,从而改善放射性雄性生殖损伤。
Objective
2
To investigate the ameliorative effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) on radiation-induced reproductive damage in male mice and its potential mechanisms
.
Methods
2
After obtaining informed consent and signed consent forms from healthy full-term pregnant women in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Xijing Hospital of Air Force Medical University
umbilical cord tissue approximately from 6 to 8 cm in length from healthy full-term newborns was collected under sterile conditions in the operating room for isolating and culturing hUC-MSCs; 45 healthy male C57BL/6 mice aged from 6 to 8 weeks with a body weight of 22±2 g were divided into Control+PBS (
n
=3)
Control+MSCs (
n
=6)
Rad+MSCs (
n
=6)
Control (
n
=10)
Rad (
n
=10)
and Rad+hUC-MSCs (
n
=10) groups using a random number table method; the Rad
Rad+MSCs
and Rad+hUC-MSCs groups were subjected to whole-body single-dose irradiation using
60
Co γ-ray at a dose rate of 1.28 Gy/min and a total dose of 6 Gy; immediately after irradiation
the Rad+MSCs and Rad+hUC-MSCs groups received a single tail vein injection of hUC-MSCs suspension (2×10⁶ cells/200 μL); the distribution of hUC-MSCs in testicular tissue was observed using a multimodal
in vivo
imaging system and confocal fluorescence microscopy; at 12 weeks post-irradiation
bilateral testes were harvested and weighed to calculate the testicular coefficient; sperm quality was assessed under a microscope; testicular morphology and structure were evaluated using Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) staining; reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) levels in testicular tissue were measured by flow cytometry; malondialdehyde (MDA)
total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD)
and catalase (CAT) contents were detected by colorimetry; testicular cell apoptosis
was assessed using TUNEL staining; and Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of Parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase (Parkin)
PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)
Beclin1
OPA1 mitochondrial dynamin-like GTPase (OPA1)
dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1)
Bcl2-associated X protein (Bax)
and B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)
.
Results
2
At 24 h and 48 h post-irradiation
multimodal
in vivo
imaging showed no fluorescent signals in the testicular tissue of the Control+PBS group
while fluorescent signals were observed in the Control+MSCs and Rad+MSCs groups; further confocal fluorescence microscopy revealed red fluorescence in the interstitial regions of testicular tissue in the Control+MSCs and Rad+MSCs groups
detecting fluorescence dye labeled MSCs signals; at 12 weeks post-irradiation
compared to the Control group
the Rad group showed significantly decreased sperm count (
P
<
0.05) and motility (
P
<
0.01)
significantly increased malformation rate (
P
<
0.001)
vacuolization and disordered arrangement of spermatogenic cells
reduced seminiferous tubule diameter and spermatogenic epithelium thickness (
P
<
0.001)
elevated testicular tissue ROS levels (
P
<
0.05)
significantly decreased MMP levels (
P
<
0.001)
increased MDA content (
P
<
0.001)
elevated T-SOD activity (
P
<
0.05)
decreased CAT activity (
P
<
0.05)
increased protein expression of Parkin (
P
<
0.01)
PINK1 (
P
<
0.05)
Beclin1 (
P
<
0.05)
OPA1 (
P
<
0.01)
and Drp1 (
P
<
0.05)
increased TUNEL-positive cells (
P
<
0.001)
and decreased Bcl-2/Bax ratio (
P
<
0.01); compared to the Rad group
the Rad+hUC-MSCs group exhibited significantly increased sperm count and motility (
P
<
0.05)
si
gnificantly decreased malformation rate (
P
<
0.001)
improved vacuolization and arrangement of spermatogenic cells
increased spermatogenic epithelium thickness (
P
<
0.01)
reduced testicular tissue ROS levels (
P
<
0.05)
significantly increased MMP levels (
P
<
0.01)
decreased MDA content (
P
<
0.001)
reduced T-SOD activity (
P
<
0.05)
increased CAT activity (
P
<
0.05)
decreased protein expression of Parkin (
P
<
0.05)
PINK1 (
P
<
0.05)
Beclin1 (
P
<
0.05)
OPA1 (
P
<
0.05)
and Drp1 (
P
<
0.05)
reduced TUNEL-positive cells (
P
<
0.001)
and increased Bcl-2/Bax ratio (
P
<
0.05)
.
Conclusion
2
hUC-MSCs may alleviate radiation-induced male reproductive damage by mitigating mitochondrial damage
reducing testicular tissue oxidative stress injury and cell apoptosis.
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