1.陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)基础医学院细胞生物学教研室,重庆
2.陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)大坪医院消化内科,消化系统肿瘤精准防治重庆市重点实验室,重庆
3.武汉大学药学院,武汉大学免疫与代谢前沿科学中心,湖北武汉
4.重庆市合川区人民医院消化内科,重庆
QIU Qiu, E-mail, 360894544@qq.com
LI Yuhong, E-mail: liyuhong@tmmu.edu.cn
Received:09 October 2025,
Revised:2026-01-14,
Accepted:16 January 2026,
Published:15 February 2026
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刘振昆,彭紫依,向俊宇,等.新型分子胶LTL-04-061通过CRBN介导的泛素-蛋白酶体通路靶向降解OTULIN并显著抑制胃癌细胞增殖[J].陆军军医大学学报,2026,48(03):251-260.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202510007.
LIU Z K,PENG Z Y,XIANG J Y,et al.Novel molecular glue LTL-04-061 targets OTULIN for degradation via the CRBN-mediated ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and significantly suppresses gastric cancer cell proliferation[J].J Army Med Univ,2026,48(03):251-260.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202510007.
刘振昆,彭紫依,向俊宇,等.新型分子胶LTL-04-061通过CRBN介导的泛素-蛋白酶体通路靶向降解OTULIN并显著抑制胃癌细胞增殖[J].陆军军医大学学报,2026,48(03):251-260.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202510007. DOI:
LIU Z K,PENG Z Y,XIANG J Y,et al.Novel molecular glue LTL-04-061 targets OTULIN for degradation via the CRBN-mediated ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and significantly suppresses gastric cancer cell proliferation[J].J Army Med Univ,2026,48(03):251-260.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202510007. DOI:
目的
2
筛选靶向卵巢肿瘤结构域线性链接特异性去泛素化酶(ovarian tumor domain deubiquitinase with linear linkage specificity,OTULIN)的新型分子胶,为胃癌治疗提供新策略。
方法
2
以高表达OTULIN的AGS-NC、SNU601-NC胃癌细胞及OTULIN基因敲除细胞(AGS-sgOTULIN、SNU601-sgOTULIN)为研究材料,设对照组(DMSO)、LTL-04-061浓度梯度组(0.1、0.3、1.0、3.0、5.0、7.0、10.0 μmol/L)及蛋白酶体抑制剂干预组(MG-132/MLN4924联合5 μmol/L LTL-04-061),采用Western blot检测OTULIN蛋白表达水平,运用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, qPCR)检测OTULIN的mRNA水平;利用免疫共沉淀(co-immunoprecipitation, Co-IP)验证蛋白相互作用;结合分子对接与100 ns分子动力学模拟(molecular dynamics simulation, MD)分析复合物构象;通过CCK-8法、细胞增殖实验、克隆形成实验评估分子胶对胃癌细胞恶性增殖的抑制作用。
结果
2
分子胶LTL-04-061在0.1~10.0 μmol/L浓度梯度下呈浓度依赖性降解OTULIN蛋白,5 μmol/L浓度时降解效果显著,且该浓度下OTULIN mRNA相对表达水平无显著变化(
P
>
0.05);蛋白酶体抑制剂MG-132与MLN4924可阻断其降解作用,结合Co-IP实验结果提示该过程依赖CRBN介导的泛素-蛋白酶体通路;同时LTL-04-061可介导OTULIN与CRBN形成三元稳定复合物,并与关键残基HIS-339(OTULIN)、TRP-378/HIS-380(CRBN)存在强相互作用,MD模拟显示50 ns后复合物均方根偏差波动小于0.1 nm,80~100 ns时氢键数量维持较高水平,回旋半径数值保持稳定,无明显波动,表明复合物整体紧凑性未发生显著变化;溶剂可及表面积在此时间段内亦无明显波动,进一步证实复合物构象稳定,未出现明显的结构舒展或塌陷;LTL-04-061呈浓度依赖性抑制胃癌细胞的增殖与克隆形成;CCK-8实
验结果显示,LTL-04-061对AGS细胞和SNU601细胞的半数抑制浓度分别为8.95 μmol/L和11.70 μmol/L,并且OTULIN敲除后其抑制效果显著减弱(
P<
0.01)。
结论
2
OTULIN在胃癌中发挥促癌作用,分子胶LTL-04-061通过CRBN依赖的泛素-蛋白酶体通路,靶向降解OTULIN蛋白,进而抑制肿瘤细胞恶性增殖,为胃癌分子靶向治疗提供新的候选前体药物。
Objective
2
To screen novel molecular glues targeting ovarian tumor domain deubiquitinase with linear linkage specificity (OTULIN) and provide a new therapeutic strategy for gastric cancer.
Methods
2
Gastric cancer cell lines with high OTULIN expression (AGS-NC
SNU601-NC) and OTULIN-knockout cells (AGS-sgOTULIN
SNU601-sgOTULIN) were used. Experimental groups included: control (DMSO)
LTL-04-061 concentration gradients (0.1
0.3
1.0
3.0
5.0
7.0
10.0 μmol/L)
and proteasome inhibitor intervention (MG-132/MLN4924+5 μmol/L LTL-04-061). OTULIN protein expression was analyzed by Western blotting
while mRNA levels were quantified by qPCR. Protein interactions were validated by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP). Molecular docking and 100 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to analyze complex conformations. Anti-proliferative effects were assessed using CCK-8
cell proliferation
and colony formation assays.
Results
2
LTL-04-061 degraded OTULIN protein in a concentration-dependent manner (0.1 to 10.0 μmol/L)
with significant degradation at 5 μmol/L. At this concentration
OTULIN mRNA levels remained unchanged (
P
>
0.05). Degradation was blocked by MG-132/MLN4924
indicating dependence on the CRBN-mediated ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Co-IP confirmed LTL-04-061-induced OTULIN-CRBN ternary complex formation. Key interactions involved OTULIN HIS339 and CRBN TRP378/HIS380. MD simulations showed stable complex conformation after 50 ns (RMSD fluctuation
<
0.1 nm)
sustained hydrogen bonds (80 to 100 ns)
and stable radius of gyration (Rg) and solvent-accessible surface area (SASA)
indicati
ng no structural expansion/collapse. LTL-04-061 concentration-dependently suppressed gastric cancer cell proliferation and colony formation. CCK-8 assays revealed IC
50
values of 8.95 μmol/L (AGS) and 11.70 μmol/L (SNU601). OTULIN knockout significantly attenuated this inhibition (
P<
0.01).
Conclusion
2
OTULIN exerts pro-oncogenic effects in gastric cancer. The molecular glue LTL-04-061 targets OTULIN for CRBN-dependent ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation
thereby suppressing malignant proliferation. This identifies LTL-04-061 as a promising precursor for molecularly targeted gastric cancer therapy.
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