1.贵州中医药大学研究生院,贵州贵阳
2.清镇市第一人民医院重症医学科,贵州贵阳
3.遵义医科大学研究生院,贵州遵义
4.贵州省人民医院全科医学科,贵州贵阳
TIAN Jinyong, E-mail:tjy8877@163.com
Received:01 September 2025,
Revised:2025-11-17,
Accepted:24 November 2025,
Published:15 December 2025
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刘纷纷,冯丹,刘韵,等.甲基莲心碱通过抑制ROS/NLRP3/Caspase-1通路减少小胶质细胞焦亡并改善帕金森病神经炎症[J].陆军军医大学学报,2025,47(23):2933-2942.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202509003.
LIU F F,FENG D,LIU Y,et al.Neferine attenuates parkinson’s disease via modulating microglial pyroptosis mediated by ROS/NLRP3/Caspase-1 signaling pathway[J].J Army Med Univ,2025,47(23):2933-2942.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202509003.
刘纷纷,冯丹,刘韵,等.甲基莲心碱通过抑制ROS/NLRP3/Caspase-1通路减少小胶质细胞焦亡并改善帕金森病神经炎症[J].陆军军医大学学报,2025,47(23):2933-2942.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202509003. DOI:
LIU F F,FENG D,LIU Y,et al.Neferine attenuates parkinson’s disease via modulating microglial pyroptosis mediated by ROS/NLRP3/Caspase-1 signaling pathway[J].J Army Med Univ,2025,47(23):2933-2942.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202509003. DOI:
目的
2
证实甲基莲心碱(neferine,Nef)通过抑制活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)/NOD样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3(NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3, NLRP3)/Caspase-1通路介导的小胶质细胞焦亡,从而改善帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease,PD)症状。
方法
2
将小鼠小胶质细胞BV2分为对照组、脂多糖(lipopolysaccharides,LPS)-三磷酸腺苷(adenosine triphosphate,ATP)组、LPS-ATP+Nef组,采用1 μg/mL LPS联合5 mmol/L ATP诱导小胶质细胞焦亡,对LPS-ATP诱导的小胶质细胞给予2 μmol/L Nef预处理。取18只10~12周龄C57BL/6雄性小鼠(体质量22~25 g),采用计算机随机数生成法将小鼠分为:对照组(
n
=6)、1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶(1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine,MPTP)组(
n
=6)、MPTP+Nef组(
n
=6)。采用流式细胞仪检测细胞焦亡,CCK-8检测细胞活力,2',7'-二氯荧光素二乙酸酯(2',7'-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate,DCFH-DA)探针表征ROS,试剂盒检测丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)。应用ELISA法及Western blot检测白介素1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)及白介素18(interleukin-18,IL-18),免疫荧光及免疫组化检测NLRP3及Caspase-1表达,免疫组化检测酪氨酸羟化酶(tyrosine hydroxylase,TH)蛋白表达。采用苏木素-伊红染色试剂盒观察脑组织病理学变化。采用小鼠神经功能缺损评分(modified neurological severity score,mNSS)评价小鼠神经功能损伤。
结果
2
LPS-ATP组与对照组相比,细胞活力降低(
P=
0.002),细胞焦亡增加(
P
<
0.001),ROS(
P
<
0.001)、MDA(
P
<
0.001)、IL-1β(
P
<
0.001)、IL-18(
P
<
0.001)水平升高,NLRP3(
P
<
0.001)和Caspase-1(
P
<
0.001)表达上调,GSH水平(
P
<
0.001)和SOD活性(
P
<
0.001)降低。LPS-ATP+Nef组与LPS-ATP组比较,细胞活力增强(
P
=0.047),细胞焦亡减少(
P
<
0.001),ROS(
P
=0.002)、MDA(
P
<
0.001)、IL-1β(
P
<
0.001)、IL-18(
P
=0.004)水平降低,NLRP3(
P
<
0.001)及Caspase-1(
P
<
0.001)表达下调,GSH水平(
P
<
0.001)及SOD活性(
P
<
0.001)升高。小鼠实验表明:MPTP组与对照组相比,mNSS得分(
P
<
0.001)及组织ROS水平(
P
<
0.001)增加,TH蛋白下调(
P
<
0.001),NLRP3(
P
<
0.001)及Caspase-1(
P
<
0.001)表达上调,而Nef处理可明显抑制上述MPTP对小鼠的影响(
P
<
0.05)。在组织病理学方面,对照组小鼠海马神经元分布均匀,细胞核结构清晰,MPTP组表现为部分神经元肿胀,出现间质水肿、核萎缩,而MPTP+Nef组神经元损伤有所改善。
结论
2
Nef通过ROS/NLRP3/Caspase-1通路抑制小胶质细胞焦亡,从而有效改善PD神经炎症及组织损伤。
Objective
2
To demonstrate that neferine (Nef) alleviates Parkinson’s disease (PD) by inhibiting microglial pyroptosis mediated through the reactive oxygen species (ROS)/NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3)/Caspase-1 pathway.
Methods
2
BV2 microglial cells were divided into: control group
lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-adenosine triphosphate (ATP) group
and LPS-ATP+Nef group. Pyroptosis was induced by 1 μg/mL LPS + 5 mmol/L ATP
with 2 mmol/L Nef pretreatment. Eighteen 10-12-week-old male C57BL/6 mice (22~25 g) were randomly assigned to: control (
n
=6)
1-methyl-4-phenyl-1
2
3
6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) (
n
=6)
and MPTP+Nef (
n
=6) groups. Detection methods included: flow cytometry for p
yroptosis
Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) for viability
2'
7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) for ROS
commercial kits for malondialdehyde (MDA)
superoxide dismutase (SOD)
glutathione (GSH)
ELISA/Western blot for interleukin-1β (IL-1β)/IL-18
immunofluorescence/immunohistochemistry for NLRP3/Caspase-1
tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunohistochemistry
hematoxylin-eosin staining for neuropathology
and modified neurological severity score (mNSS).
Results
2
Versus control
LPS-ATP group showed decreased viability (
P
=0.002)
increased pyroptosis (
P
<
0.001)
elevated ROS (
P
<
0.001)/MDA (
P
<
0.001)/IL-1β (
P
<
0.001)/IL-18 (P
<
0.001)
upregulated NLRP3 (P
<
0.001)/Caspase-1 (
P
<
0.001)
and reduced GSH (
P
<
0.001)/SOD (
P
<
0.001). Nef treatment reversed these effects (all
P
<
0.05). According to the results of murine studies
compared with the control group
the MPTP group had increased mNSS (
P
<
0.001)/tissue ROS (
P
<
0.001)
downregulated TH (
P
<
0.001)
upregulated NLRP3 (
P
<
0.001)/Caspase-1 (
P
<
0.001). Nef treatment significantly attenuated the MPTP-induced deleterious effects (
P
<
0.05). Histopathological analysis revealed that control group exhibited uniformly distributed hippocampal neurons with distinct nuclear morphology; MPTP group showed neuronal swelling
interstitial edema
and nuclear atrophy; MPTP+Nef group demonstrated ameliorated neuronal damage.
Conclusion
2
Nef inhibits microglial pyroptosis
via
ROS/NLRP3/Caspase-1 axis
ameliorating PD neuroinflammation and pathology.
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