1.重庆高校生物化学与分子药理学重点实验室,重庆
2.重庆医科大学药学院药理学系,重庆
3.陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第一附属医院临床医学研究中心,重庆
Received:30 June 2025,
Revised:2025-09-11,
Accepted:11 September 2025,
Published:15 October 2025
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王宇洁,邱红梅,杨婷,等.ATF3通过抑制ATG5和ATG16L1表达调控巨噬细胞自噬与炎症反应[J].陆军军医大学学报,2025,47(19):2351-2364.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202506089.
WANG Y J,QIU H M,YANG T,et al.ATF3 regulates macrophage autophagy and inflammatory responses by suppressing ATG5 and ATG16L1 expression[J].J Army Med Univ,2025,47(19):2351-2364.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202506089.
王宇洁,邱红梅,杨婷,等.ATF3通过抑制ATG5和ATG16L1表达调控巨噬细胞自噬与炎症反应[J].陆军军医大学学报,2025,47(19):2351-2364.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202506089. DOI:
WANG Y J,QIU H M,YANG T,et al.ATF3 regulates macrophage autophagy and inflammatory responses by suppressing ATG5 and ATG16L1 expression[J].J Army Med Univ,2025,47(19):2351-2364.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202506089. DOI:
目的
2
探讨活化转录因子3(activating transcription factor 3, ATF3)抑制脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)刺激的巨噬细胞自噬与炎症反应的作用及机制。
方法
2
首先,采用基因表达综合数据库(gene expression omnibus, GEO)数据库分析脓毒症患者外周血单核细胞中ATF3的表达水平;基因集富集分析(gene set enrichment analysis, GSEA)分析脓毒症患者外周血单核细胞中富集的信号通路;其次,将RAW264.7细胞分为空白组和模型组(100 ng/mL LPS刺激)。采用Western blot检测ATF3在内毒素刺激的RAW264.7细胞中的表达;免疫荧光法检测ATF3在细胞质和细胞核中的分布;通过慢病毒转染技术构建ATF3敲低和过表达细胞系,评估其炎症因子释放水平及细菌清除能力的影响;应用靶向剪切及转座酶(cleavage under targets and tagmentation,CUT&Tag)测序技术筛查受ATF3转录调控的靶基因;在ATF3敲低和过表达细胞系中,评估其对自噬相关基因5(autophagy-related gene 5, ATG5)与自噬相关基因16样蛋白1(autophagy-related gene 16-like 1, ATG16L1)的表达和自噬水平的影响。
结果
2
GEO数据库分析显示脓毒症患者外周血单核细胞中ATF3表达水平显著升高(
P
<
0.01),GSEA分析表明自噬和炎症相关信号通路显著富集(
P
<
0.01)。在内毒素刺激的RAW264.7细胞中,与Medium组相比,LPS100组中ATF3在细胞核中的表达显著升高(
P
<
0.01);与NC(negative control, NC)组相比,敲低ATF3后,进一步增加肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)和白细胞介素6(interleukin-6,IL-6)的释放水平,增强巨噬细胞的细菌清除能力(
P
<
0.01)。相反,过表达ATF3则显著降低TNF-α和IL-6的释放水平(
P
<
0.01),同时细菌清除能力维持在较低水平。CUT
&
Tag结果表明,ATF3可在自噬关键基因
Atg5
和
Atg16l1
的启动子区域富集;与NC组相比,敲低ATF3后,可进一步增强微管相关蛋白1轻链3-Ⅱ/Ⅰ(LC3-Ⅱ/Ⅰ)、ATG5、ATG16L1的蛋白表达水平(
P
<
0.01),降低自噬接头蛋白p62(p62)蛋白表达水平。相反,过表达ATF3则显著抑制LC3 II/I、ATG5、ATG16L1的蛋白表达水平(
P
<
0.01),而对p62蛋白水平无显著差异。
结论
2
脓毒症诱导巨噬细胞ATF3上调,抑制自噬并干扰炎症因子TNF-α和IL-6释放,可能通过调控ATG5和ATG16L1转录介导,提示ATF3是自噬-炎症紊乱的潜在靶点。
Objective
2
To investigate the role and underlying mechanism of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) in suppressing lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced autophagy and inflammatory responses in macrophages.
Methods
2
Firstly
the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database was used to analyze ATF3 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from sepsis patients
and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to identify enriched signaling pathways. Secondly
RAW264.7 macrophages were divided into a blank control group and an LPS-stimulated group (100 ng/mL LPS). Western blotting and immunofluorescence assay were used to detect ATF3 protein expression and observe its subcellular localization
respectively. Lentiviral transduction was used to generate ATF3 knockdown and overexpression cell lines to evaluate their effects on cytokine release and bacterial clearance. Cleavage Under Targets and Tagmentation (CUT&Tag) sequencing was employed to identify downstream target genes transcriptionally regulated by ATF3. Furthermore
the impact of ATF3 knockdown or overexpression on autophagy-related gene 5 (ATG5)
autophagy-related gene 16-like 1 (ATG16L1)
and autophagy levels was evaluated.
Results
2
GEO analysis revealed that ATF3 expression was significantly elevated in PBMCs from sepsis patients (
P
<
0.01)
and GSEA showed significant enrichment of autophagy-related and inflammation-related pathways (
P
<
0.01). In RAW264.7 cells
100 ng/mL LPS stimulation significantly increased ATF3 expression in the nucleus than the blank control group (
P
<
0.01). ATF3 knockdown led to increased secretions of TNF-α and IL-6 and enhanced bacterial clearance of macrophages (
P
<
0.01)
whereas ATF3 overexpression significantly suppressed TNF-α and IL-6
releases
and remained bacterial clearance at a low level when compared with the conditions in the negative control (NC) group (
P
<
0.01). CUT
&
Tag results demonstrated that ATF3 was enriched at the promoter regions of key autophagy genes
Atg5
and
Atg16l1
. Compared with the NC group
ATF3 knockdown significantly up-regulated the protein levels of LC3-II/I
ATG5
and ATG16L1 while decreased p62 expression (
P
<
0.01). Conversely
ATF3 overexpression inhibited the expression of LC3-II/I
ATG5
and ATG16L1 (
P
<
0.01)
but had no significant effect on p62 level.
Conclusion
2
Sepsis induces elevated ATF3 expression in macrophages
and suppresses autophagic activity and down-regulates pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6
which probably mediated by ATF3 regulating transcription of ATG5 and ATG16L1
suggesting ATF3 as a potential therapeutic target for autophagy-inflammation imbalance.
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