1.安徽理工大学医学院:,生物化学与分子生物学教研室,安徽淮南
2.安徽理工大学医学院:,2022级临床医学2班,安徽淮南
2.Grade 2022 Majoring in Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui, China
TANG Xiaolong, E-mail: txljd2006@126.com
Received:30 May 2025,
Revised:2025-07-19,
Accepted:21 July 2025,
Published:15 September 2025
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刘洋,王语然,于滢,等.程序性死亡配体-1通过抑制蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶1B激活黏着斑激酶促进肝细胞癌进展[J].陆军军医大学学报,2025,47(17):2012-2027.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202505080.
LIU Y,WANG Y R,YU Y,et al.PD-L1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression by inhibiting PTP1B and activating FAK[J].J Army Med Univ,2025,47(17):2012-2027.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202505080.
刘洋,王语然,于滢,等.程序性死亡配体-1通过抑制蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶1B激活黏着斑激酶促进肝细胞癌进展[J].陆军军医大学学报,2025,47(17):2012-2027.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202505080. DOI:
LIU Y,WANG Y R,YU Y,et al.PD-L1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression by inhibiting PTP1B and activating FAK[J].J Army Med Univ,2025,47(17):2012-2027.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202505080. DOI:
目的
2
揭示PD-L1-PTP1B-FAK信号轴促进肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)进展的作用机制,并阐明其在HCC中的效应功能。
方法
2
通过GEPIA数据库获取HCC患者中PD-L1与FAK表达水平的10年生存分析曲线。采用免疫组化染色法分析HCC组织与癌旁组织中PD-L1与FAK在Y397位点磷酸化相对表达水平。通过Western blot检测内源性PD-L1低表达(SNU-387)和PD-L1高表达(Hep3B)细胞系
,并构建SNU-387
PDL1+
和Hep3B
PDL1-
慢病毒转染的细胞系,通过Western blot检测PD-L1的高表达和低表达对p-FAK(Y397)的影响。为明确FAK在HCC中的功能机制,分别在SNU-387
PDL1+
中施加FAK抑制剂、在Hep3B
PDL1-
中施加FAK激活剂进行功能挽救实验,结合划痕愈合实验、Transwell侵袭实验、EdU增殖实验及克隆形成实验评估肿瘤恶性效应。通过GENEMANIA数据库预测蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶1B(protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B,PTP1B)与PD-L1和FAK间功能交互,IHC分析PD-L1/PTP1B/p-FAK(Y397)三者的表达相关性,通过免疫共沉淀(co-immunoprecipitation,Co-IP)和间接免疫荧光(immunofluorescence,IF)验证PD-L1与PTP1B的相互作用,Western blot验证PD-L1与PTP1B的调控关系,通过体外PTP1B磷酸酶活性实验检测PTP1B活性变化。Western blot筛选内源性PTP1B高表达(SNU-387)和PTP1B低表达(Hep3B)细胞系,利用Hep3B
PTP1B+
和SNU-387
PTP1B-
细胞系,检测p-FAK(Y397)水平及重复表达水平对其功能效应实验和挽救实验。通过Western blot检测SNU-387细胞和Hep3B细胞中p-FAK(Y397)下游通路信号的变化。
结果
2
免疫组化染色显示,在HCC组织中PD-L1与p-FAK(Y397)表达呈正相关(95%
CI
:1.065~3.801,
P
<
0.01)。在SNU-387
PDL1+
细胞中显著增强FAK(Y397)位点磷酸化(
P
<
0.01),细胞的迁移、侵袭、增殖、克隆形成能力提高(
P
<
0.01),FAK抑制剂可逆转该效应(
P
<
0.05);而Hep3B
PDL1-
细胞中显著降低FAK(Y397)位点磷酸化(
P
<
0.01),细胞迁移、侵袭、增殖、克隆形成能力降低(
P
<
0.01),FAK激活剂可恢复该效应(
P
<
0.05);免疫组化染色显示在HCC组织中PTP1B表达与PD-L1和p-FAK(Y397)呈负相关(95%
CI
:1.886~3.514,
P
<
0.05)。Co-IP实验和IF实验证实PD-L1与PTP1B存在直接相互作用,PD-L1抑制PTP1B表达水平使其活性降低(
P
<
0.01);SNU-387
PTP1B-
细胞中显著升高FAK(Y397)位点磷酸化(
P
<
0.01),细胞迁移、侵袭、增殖、克隆形成能力提高(
P
<
0.01),FAK抑制剂逆转了以上效应(
P
<
0.05);而Hep3B
PTP1B+
细胞中显著降低FAK(Y397)位点磷酸化(
P
<
0.01),细胞迁移、侵袭、增殖、克隆形成能力降低(
P
<
0.01),FAK激活剂的处理恢复其效应(
P
<
0.05)。SNU-387细胞中FAK(Y397)位点的磷酸化激活可增强下游PI3K/AKT和MEK/ERK信号通路的活化(
P
<
0.01);Hep3B细胞中抑制FAK(Y397)位点的磷酸化则能够削弱上述信号通路的活化(
P
<
0.01)。
结论
2
PD-L1通过抑制PTP1B激活FAK,进而促进HCC的迁移侵袭和增殖效应。
Objective To
reveal the mechanism
by which the programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)- protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B)-focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling axis promotes the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and elucidate its effector functions in HCC. Methods GEPIA database was used to plot a 10-year survival curve for PD-L1 and FAK expression levels in HCC patients. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was utilized to analyze the relative expression levels of PD-L1 and FAK phosphorylated at the Y397 site [p-FAK(Y397)] in HCC tissues, and the results were compared to those in the adjacent non-tumor tissues. Subsequently, endogenous PD-L1 expression was detected with Western blotting in HCC cell lines with low (SNU-387) and high (Hep3B) PD-L1 expression levels. After lentivirus-transduced SNU-387
PDL1+
and Hep3B
PDL1-
cells were constructed, the effect of high and low expression of PD-L1 on the expression of p-FAK(Y397) with Western blotting. To elucidate the functional mechanism of FAK in HCC, functional rescue experiments were performed by administering a FAK inhibitor to SNU-387
PDL1+
cells and a FAK activator to Hep3B
PDL1-
cells, combined with wound healing scratch assay, Transwell invasion assay, EdU proliferation assay, and colony formation assay to evaluate tumor malignant effects. The GENEMANIA database predicted functional interactions between protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), PD-L1, and FAK. IHC staining was performed to analyze the correlation among PD-L1, PTP1B, and p-FAK(Y397) expression. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and indirect immunofluorescence (IF) were applied to validate the interaction between PD-L1 and PTP1B. Western blotting was utilized to confirm the regulatory relationship between PD-L1 and PTP1B.
In vitro
PTP1B phosphatase activity assay measured the changes in PTP1B activity. Subsequently, Western blotting was used to screen cell lines with high endogenous PTP1B expression (SNU-387) and low endogenous PTP1B expression (Hep3B). Furthermor
e, Hep3B
PTP1B+
and SNU-387
PTP1B-
cell lines were generated, and then p-FAK(Y397) levels were then detected in these modified cell lines, and the aforementioned functional effect assays (migration, invasion, proliferation and colony formation) and rescue experiments were repeated. Furthermore, Western blotting was employed to detect changes in downstream signaling pathways following enhancement or attenuation of p-FAK(Y397) in SNU-387 and Hep3B cells. Results IHC staining revealed a positive correlation between PD-L1 and p-FAK(Y397) expression in HCC tissues (95%CI: 1.065~3.801,
P
<
0.01). In SNU-387
PDL1+
cells, PD-L1 overexpression significantly enhanced phosphorylation at the FAK Y397 site (
P
<
0.01) and increased cell migration, invasion, proliferation, and colony formation capabilities (
P
<
0.01), and these effects could be reversed by FAK inhibitor treatment (
P
<
0.05). Conversely, in Hep3B
PDL1-
cells, PD-L1 knockdown significantly reduced FAK Y397 phosphorylation (
P
<
0.01) and decreased cell migration, invasion, proliferation, and colony formation abilities (
P
<
0.01), and these effects were restored by FAK activator treatment (
P
<
0.05). IHC staining further showed a negative correlation between PTP1B expression and both PD-L1 and p-FAK(Y397) in HCC tissues (95%
CI
: 1.886~3.514,
P
<
0.05). Co-IP and IF assays confirmed a direct interaction between PD-L1 and PTP1B, with PD-L1 suppressing PTP1B expression level and reducing its activity (
P
<
0.01). In SNU-387
PTP1B-
cells, PTP1B knockdown significantly increased FAK Y397 phosphorylation (
P
<
0.01) and enhanced cell migration, invasion, proliferation, and colony formation (
P
<
0.01), and these effects were reversed by FAK inhibitor (
P
<
0.05). While in Hep3B
PTP1B+
c
ells, PTP1B overexpression significantly decreased FAK Y397 phosphorylation (
P
<
0.01) and reduced cell migration, invasion, proliferation, and colony formation (
P
<
0.01), and those effects were restored by FAK activator treatment (
P
<
0.05). Furthermore, enhanced phosphorylation at the FAK Y397 site in SNU-387 cells activated downstream PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK signaling pathways (
P
<
0.01), whereas inhibition of FAK(Y397) phosphorylation in Hep3B cells attenuated the activation of these signaling pathways (
P
<
0.01). Conclusion PD-L1 activates FAK by suppressing PTP1B, thereby promoting migration, invasion, and proliferation in HCC.
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