Effects of high-intensity exercise load on function and quality of skeletal muscle in mice under a hot and humid environment

YU Hongtao; LI Weifang; LUO Chang; YANG Xuesen; YI Long; CHEN Ka; MI Mantian

doi:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202504122

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Effects of high-intensity exercise load on function and quality of skeletal muscle in mice under a hot and humid environment

Military Medicine | 更新时间：2025-09-11

- Effects of high-intensity exercise load on function and quality of skeletal muscle in mice under a hot and humid environment
- Journal of Army Medical University Vol. 47, Issue 17, Pages: 2079-2087(2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.陆军军医大学（第三军医大学）军事预防医学系：，军队营养与食品卫生学教研室，重庆市营养与健康重点实验室，重庆市医学营养研究中心，重庆
  2.陆军军医大学（第三军医大学）军事预防医学系：，热带医学教研室，重庆
- 作者简介：
  
  CHEN Ka， E-mail： chenka@tmmu.edu.cn
  MI Mantian， E-mail： mantian_mi@tmmu.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  the High-Temperature Training Support
- DOI：10.16016/j.2097-0927.202504122
  CLC： R322.74;R339.56;R339.4
- Received：29 April 2025，
  
  Revised：2025-07-28，
  
  Accepted：28 July 2025，
  
  Published：15 September 2025
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
余宏涛，李韦昉，罗昶，等.模拟湿热环境高强度运动负荷对小鼠骨骼肌功能及质量的影响［J］.陆军军医大学学报，2025，47（17）：2079-2087.DOI：10.16016/j.2097-0927.202504122.

YU H T，LI W F，LUO C，et al.Effects of high-intensity exercise load on function and quality of skeletal muscle in mice under a simulated hot and humid environment［J］.J Army Med Univ，2025，47（17）：2079-2087.DOI：10.16016/j.2097-0927.202504122.
余宏涛，李韦昉，罗昶，等.模拟湿热环境高强度运动负荷对小鼠骨骼肌功能及质量的影响［J］.陆军军医大学学报，2025，47（17）：2079-2087.DOI：10.16016/j.2097-0927.202504122. DOI：

YU H T，LI W F，LUO C，et al.Effects of high-intensity exercise load on function and quality of skeletal muscle in mice under a simulated hot and humid environment［J］.J Army Med Univ，2025，47（17）：2079-2087.DOI：10.16016/j.2097-0927.202504122. DOI：

摘要

目的

通过构建模拟湿热环境高强度运动负荷实验动物模型，探究该条件下小鼠骨骼肌功能及质量变化情况。

方法

将24只7~8周龄雄性C57BL/6J小鼠［体质量（21.30±0.67）g］按随机数字表法分为常温常湿对照组（CON组）、常温常湿运动组（NE组）、高温高湿运动组（HE组），每组各8只。HE组暴露于37~39 ℃、70%~80%湿度的高温高湿模拟舱内以坡度10°、80%最大速度进行全程60 min运动干预（运动12 min、休息8 min，循环3次）。CON组不运动，NE组以相同的运动模式在常温常湿环境下进行。通过监测小鼠体质量、体成分分析评估小鼠一般情况，采用全自动生化分析仪检测小鼠血清肌酐、尿素含量。运动结束后，测量小鼠抓力、力竭时间评估运动能力，采用原位/体内/离体肌肉测试系统检测骨骼肌收缩能力及抗疲劳能力，采用骨骼肌HE染色观察骨骼肌形态结构变化并分析肌纤维平均横截面积和平均直径，采用RT-qPCR检测骨骼肌蛋白质合成相关基因（

Eif4ebp1、p70S6k）

和分解相关基因（

Foxo3、Fbxo32、Trim63

）以及热应激相关基因（

Hsf-1、Hspa1a、Hsp90aa）

的表达水平。

结果

①HE组小鼠与CON组和NE组相比体质量显著降低（

0.01），瘦体质量降低（

0.05），HE组小鼠肌酐含量与CON组及NE组比较，均呈现出增高趋势（

0.05），HE组小鼠尿素含量与CON组及NE组比较，明显增高（

0.01）。②HE组小鼠与CON组和NE组相比，抓力降低（

0.001），骨骼肌收缩能力下降及抗疲劳能力减弱（

0.05）。③与NE组和CON组相比，HE组小鼠肌纤维平均横截面积减少（

0.05），平均纤维直径减少（

0.05），

Fbxo32、Trim63

、

Eif4ebp1

呈现明显升高（

0.01），

p70S6k

表达下降（

0.05）。④HE组小鼠与CON组和NE组相比，热应激相关基因表达增高（

0.05）。

结论

湿热环境高强度运动负荷会导致小鼠骨骼肌功能及质量下降，这可能与过度热应激引发骨骼肌蛋白质合成和分解扰乱有关。

Abstract

Objective‍　‍To investigate the alterations in skeletal muscle function and mass in an experimental mouse model of high-intensity exercise in a hot and humid environment. Methods‍　‍Twenty-four male C57BL/6J mice (7~8 weeks old

weighing 21.30±0.67 g) were randomly assigned to a control group (CON group)

a normal temperature and humidity exercise group (NE group)

and a h

igh temperature and humidity exercise group (HE group)

with 8 mice in each group. The HE group was subjected to a high-temperature simulation chamber

maintaining a temperature of 37~39 ℃ and humidity of 70%~80%

for a 60-minute exercise intervention at a 10° incline and 80% of maximum velocity (12 min of exercise followed by 8 min of rest

for 3 cycles). The CON group did not exercise

while the NE group exercised in the same manner in a normal temperature and humidity environment. The overall condition of the mice was evaluated by monitoring their body weight and analyzing their body composition. Their serum creatinine and urea levels were detected using an automated biochemical analyzer. After exercise

skeletal muscle function in the mice of each group was assessed by measuring their grip strength and exhaustion time. The skeletal muscle contractility and resistance to fatigue were evaluated using an

in situ/in vivo/ex vivo

muscle testing system. HE staining was employed to observe the morphological and structural changes in the skeletal muscles

and the average cross-sectional area and diameter of the muscle fibers were analyzed. Genes related to protein synthesis (

Eif4ebp1

p70S6k

) and breakdown (

Foxo3

Fbxo32

Trim63

) and heat stress-related genes (

Hsf-1

Hspa1a

Hsp90aa

) were quantified using RT-qPCR. Results‍　‍① Compared with the CON and NE groups

the HE group exhibited significant decreases in body weight (

0.01) and lean body mass (

0.05)

an upward trend of creatinine level (

0.05)

and increases in the urea content (

0.01). ② The mice in the HE group had notably reduced grip strength (

0.001)

diminished skeletal muscle contraction

and weakened resistance to fatigue (

0.05) than the CON and NE groups. ③ The HE group demonstrated a reductio

n in the average cross-sectional area of muscle fibers (

0.05) and a decrease in average fiber diameter (

0.05)

with particular up-regulation of

Fbxo32

Trim63

and

Eif4ebp1

(

0.01) and down-regulation of

p70S6k

(

0.05) in comparison to the NE and CON groups. ④ The expression levels of heat stress-related genes were higher in the HE group than the CON and NE groups (

0.05). Conclusion‍　‍High-intensity exercise in a hot and humid environment can lead to a decline in skeletal muscle function and mass in mice

potentially due to the disturbance of skeletal muscle protein synthesis and degradation triggered by excessive heat stress.

关键词

Keywords

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