陆军特色医学中心(第三军医大学大坪医院)消化内科,重庆
Received:29 April 2025,
Revised:2025-09-16,
Accepted:16 September 2025,
Published:15 October 2025
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李昊峰,马赫,符涛,等.自身免疫性胃炎的临床特征与诊断延迟因素[J].陆军军医大学学报,2025,47(19):2396-2404.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202504120.
LI H F,MA H,FU T,et al.Clinical characteristics and contributors to diagnostic delay in autoimmune gastritis[J].J Army Med Univ,2025,47(19):2396-2404.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202504120.
目的
2
分析自身免疫性胃炎(autoimmune gastritis, AIG)患者的诊断过程及临床特征,进一步提高对该疾病的认识和诊断水平。
方法
2
通过回顾性队列研究,纳入2021年1月至2024年6月陆军特色医学中心消化内科确诊的114例AIG患者,对其临床资料进行综合统计分析。包括:人口学特征(年龄、性别)、临床症状、共患疾病、诊断过程、幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori
,H. pylori
)感染及治疗史、实验室检查指标[血常规、贫血相关指标、甲状腺功能、抗胃壁细胞抗体(anti-parietal cell antibody,APCA)、内因子抗体(intrinsic factor antibody,IFA)]以及胃肠镜检查结果(检查频次及镜下表现)。
结果
2
114例患者中,男性占28.1%(32/114),女性占71.9%(82/114),平均年龄(56.3±8.4)岁。临床症状以中上腹痛(47.4%,54/114)及餐后饱胀(43.0%,49/114)为主,24.6%(28/114)伴反酸或烧心症状。76.4%(87/114)的患者存在AIG诊断延迟,诊断延迟中位时间为11.5个月,主要诊断线索为内镜下逆向萎缩(胃体/底部黏膜萎缩程度显著重于胃窦)现象(53.5%,61/114)及
H. pylori
反复根除失败(≥2次)(22.8%,26/114)。甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(thyroid peroxidase antibody,TPOAb)阳性率为56.9%(33/58),甲状腺球蛋白抗体(thyroglobulin antibody,TgAb)阳性率为36.2%(21/58)。APCA阳性率高达98.8%(81/82),IFA阳性率为34.1%(28/82),双抗体共阳性率为32.9%(27/82)。25.7%(26/101)存在贫血。12.2%(14/114)检出胃神经内分泌肿瘤(neuroendocrine tumors,NET),5.3%(6/114)存在上皮内瘤变,1例(0.9%)确诊胃腺癌;结肠管状腺瘤占25.0%(13/52),结直肠恶性肿瘤占3.4%(2/58)。18.4%(21/114)存在胆囊相关疾病,7.9%(9/114)合并糖尿病,1.8%(2/114)出现脊髓亚急性联合变性。
结论
2
AIG诊断延迟发生率高,而内镜下逆向萎缩是AIG的重要诊断线索,需强化内镜医师对此征象的识别能力。对于
H. pylori
反复根除失败(≥2次)患者,需警惕AIG可能。
Objective
2
To analyze the diagnostic process and clinical characteristics of autoimmune gastritis(AIG) in order to improve the awareness and diagnostic proficiency of this disease.
Methods
2
A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 114 patients diagnosed with AIG in Army Medical Center of PLA between January 2021 and June 2024. Comprehensive statistical analysis was performed on clinical data
including demographic characteristics(age
sex)
clinical symptoms
comorbidities
diagnostic process
Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori
) infection and treatment history
laboratory indicators [results of routine blood test
anemia-related indices
thyroid function
anti-parietal cell antibody(APCA)
intrinsic factor antibody(IFA)
]
and gastrointestinal endo
scopic findings(frequency and endoscopic features).
Results
2
Among the 114 patients
males accounted for 28.1%(32/114) and females for 71.9%(82/114)
and they were at a mean age of 56.3±8.4 years. Predominant symptoms included epigastric/upper abdominal pain(47.4%
54/114) and postprandial fullness(43.0%
49/114)
while 24.6%(28/114) reported acid reflux or heartburn. Diagnostic delay occurred in 76.4%(87/114) of patients
with a median delay duration of 11.5 months. Primary diagnostic clues were endoscopic reverse gradient atrophy(significantly more severe mucosal atrophy in the gastric corpus/fundus versus antrum; 53.5%
61/114) and repeated
H. pylori
eradication failure(≥2 attempts; 22.8%
26/114). Positivity rate of thyroid peroxidase antibody(TPOAb) and thyroglobulin antibody(TgAb) was 56.9%(33/58) and 36.2%(21/58)
respectively. APCA positive rate was 98.8%(81/82)
IFA positive rate was 34.1%(28/82)
and dual-antibody rate was 32.9%(27/82). Anemia was present in 25.7%(26/101) of the patients. Gastric neuroendocrine tumors(NET) were found in 12.2%(14/114)
intraepithelial neoplasia in 5.3%(6/114)
and gastric adenocarcinoma in 0.9%(1/114). Among colonoscopy-examined patients
tubular adenomas occurred in 25.0%(13/52) and colorectal malignancies in 3.4%(2/58). There were 18.4%(21/114) patients having gallbladder-related diseases
7.9%(9/114) having diabetes mellitus
and 1.8%(2/114) of subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord.
Conclusion
2
AIG is frequently associated with diagnostic delay. The reverse pattern of atrophy on endoscopy serves as a critical diagnostic clue
necessitating enhanced recognition in endoscopists. Patients with recurrent
H. pylori
eradication failure (≥2 attempts) should be evaluated for AIG.
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