1.重庆医科大学附属第二医院眼科,重庆
2.重庆医科大学附属永川医院中心实验室,重庆
LIU Danning,E-mail:302110@hospital.cqmu.edu.cn
LI Yuan,E-mail:liyuan_1985999@163.com.
Received:03 March 2025,
Revised:21 March 2025,
Published:15 June 2025
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邵淑娴,王艳美,徐艺菡,等.一种基于微流控芯片的体外视网膜微血管体系血栓形成模型的建立[J].陆军军医大学学报,2025,47(11):1199-1207.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202503005.
SHAO S X,WANG Y M,XU Y H,et al.Development of a microfluidic chip-based in vitro model of retinal microvasculature and thrombosis therein[J].J Army Med Univ,2025,47(11):1199-1207.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202503005.
邵淑娴,王艳美,徐艺菡,等.一种基于微流控芯片的体外视网膜微血管体系血栓形成模型的建立[J].陆军军医大学学报,2025,47(11):1199-1207.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202503005. DOI:
SHAO S X,WANG Y M,XU Y H,et al.Development of a microfluidic chip-based in vitro model of retinal microvasculature and thrombosis therein[J].J Army Med Univ,2025,47(11):1199-1207.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202503005. DOI:
目的
2
构建一种模拟视网膜血管体系空间结构特征和生物活性的内皮化微流控芯片模型,利用该模型进一步构建血栓模型,并将该血栓模型应用于溶栓效果验证。
方法
2
采用软光刻加工技术制备具有分叉结构和三级管径的体外眼底微血管网络微流控芯片。在芯片通道内注入人源视网膜血管内皮细胞(human retinal microvascular endothelial cells,HRMECs),通过光学显微镜和细胞骨架染色观察不同时间点内皮细胞的铺设密度及形态特征;采用线粒体膜电位荧光探针(5,5,6,6-Tetrachloro-1,1,3,3-tetraethylbenzimidazolylcarbocyanine iodide,JC-1)和一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)染色评估通道内内皮细胞的生物活性,并通过倒置荧光显微镜进行观察;使用数字注射泵模拟人体血液流动,采用2024年3-6月于重庆医科大学附属永川医院献血站10例健康成人献血者的新鲜血液,实验分为健康成人全血组、TNF-α激活内皮细胞+健康成人全血组及TNF-α激活内皮细胞+TNF-α激活全血组(血液均混合钙黄绿素染色剂),各组均设置37.8、11.1、3.5 μL/min 3种入口血液流速。设置生理盐水组与重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(recombinant human tissue-type plasminogen activator,rtPA)组,应用内皮化微流控芯片血栓模型验证溶栓效果;采用细胞核染色与NO染色,结合内皮化微流控血栓模型,评估生理盐水与rtPA在不同干预阶段(血栓形成前、血栓形成后及溶栓后)对内皮细胞功能的影响。
结果
2
成功构建了三级微流控芯片血管模型,其直径分别为300、200和100 μm;内皮细胞注入培养72 h后,完全覆盖管壁,光学显微镜和细胞骨架染色显示细胞间排列紧密;JC-1和NO染色证实内皮细胞生物活性良好;相同流速下,与全血组比较,TNF-α激活内皮细胞+健康成人全血组与TNF-α激活内皮细胞+TNF-α激活全血组均观察到通道内血栓面积比率明显增加(
P
<
0.001);且3.5 μL/min流速下TNF-α激活内皮细胞+TNF-α激活全血组血栓面积比率显著高于其余组(
P
<
0.001);rtPA组的溶栓效果显著强于生理盐水组(
P
<
0.001),不同干预阶段微流控芯片通道内内皮细胞贴壁良好,血栓形成可造成微流控芯片通道内内皮细胞NO分泌增多(
P
<
0.001)。
结论
2
成功构建具有视网膜血管体系空间结构和生物活性的微流控芯片模型,并应用于视网膜血管血栓形成与药物溶栓效果验证,为视网膜血管血栓类疾病的研究提供体外模型。
Objective To develop an endothelialized microfluidic chip model that simulates the spatial architecture and bioactivity of retinal vasculature
enabling thrombosis modeling and thrombolytic efficacy validation. Methods A tri-level microvascular network chip (300/200/100 μm diameters) with bifurcated architecture was fabricated using soft lithography. Human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) were perfused into channels
with endothelial coverage monitored
via
phase-contrast microscopy and F-actin staining. Cellular bioactivity was assessed using mitochondrial membrane potential probes (5
5
6
6-Tetrachloro-1
1
3
3-tetrae
thylbenzimidazolylcarbocyanine iodide
JC-1) and nitric oxide (NO) quantification. Fresh blood samples from 10 healthy donors (Yongchuan Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University
March to June 2024) were perfused with digital injection pump to mimic blood flow in human body into 3 experimental groups: normal whole blood
and TNF-α-activated endothelium+normal blood
TNF-α-activated endothelium+TNF-α-treated blood. Three inlet blood flow rates of 37.8、11.1 and 3.5 μL/min were set in each group.Two experimental groups
normal saline and recombinant human tissue-type plasminogen activator (rtPA)
were established using the endothelialized microfluidic thrombosis model to validate thrombolytic efficacy. Endothelial functional impacts were assessed through integrated DAPI/NO staining and thrombosis model analysis across 3 intervention phases: pre-thrombosis
post-thrombosis
and post-thrombolysis. Results A tri-level microfluidic vascular model (300/200/100 μm diameters) was successfully constructed. In 72 h after endothelial cell perfusion
complete channel coverage was achieved
with phase-contrast microscopy and F-actin staining confirming confluent cellular alignment. JC-1/NO assays validated preserved endothelial bioactivity. Compared with the whole blood group
both TNF-α-activated endothelium+normal blood and TNF-α-activated endothelium+TNF-α-treated blood groups exhibited significantly increased thrombus occupancy rates at identical flow rates (all
P
<
0.001). Notably
TNF-α-activated endothelium+TNF-α-treated blood group demonstrated the highest thrombus ratio at 3.5 μL/min (
P
<
0.001). The rtPA group showed superior thrombolytic efficacy versus saline (
P
<
0.001). Endothelial monolayer integrity was maintained across intervention phases
with thrombosis triggering significant NO elevation (
P
<
0.001). Conclusion Our retinal vasculature-mimetic microfluidic model enables precise thrombosis modeling and drug evaluation
provi
ding new methodology for studying retinal vascular occlusive diseases.
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