1.郑州大学:第二附属医院脑血管病科,河南郑州
2.郑州大学:医学科学院,河南郑州
XUE Mengzhou, E-mail: xuemengzhou@zzu.edu.cn
Received:06 February 2025,
Revised:09 February 2025,
Published:15 April 2025
移动端阅览
祁凌霄,闫改丽,薛孟周.自噬诱导剂亚精胺改善脑出血后脑损伤[J].陆军军医大学学报,2025,47(07):639-648.
QI Lingxiao,YAN Gaili,XUE Mengzhou.Autophagy inducer spermidine improves brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage[J].J Army Med Univ,2025,47(07):639-648.
祁凌霄,闫改丽,薛孟周.自噬诱导剂亚精胺改善脑出血后脑损伤[J].陆军军医大学学报,2025,47(07):639-648. DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202502005.
QI Lingxiao,YAN Gaili,XUE Mengzhou.Autophagy inducer spermidine improves brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage[J].J Army Med Univ,2025,47(07):639-648. DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202502005.
目的
2
探讨亚精胺(spermidine, SPD)在脑出血(intracerebral hemorrhage, ICH)中的作用及其潜在机制。
方法
2
选用8~10周龄的雄性C57BL/6小鼠构建胶原酶诱导的ICH模型。将108只小鼠随机分为3组,即假手术组、ICH组和亚精胺治疗组,每组36只。亚精胺治疗组小鼠在术后接受连续3 d的15 mg/kg亚精胺腹腔注射。在ICH后第3天,通过神经行为学测试(改良Garcia神经功能评分、前肢放置试验)评估小鼠神经功能缺损、HE染色观察脑组织病理损伤、免疫荧光染色检测小胶质细胞/巨噬细胞与星形胶质细胞活化,以及通过Western blot分析自噬标志物Beclin-1、P62及炎症因子MMP-9、NLRP3、COX-2的表达。以血红素刺激HT-22细胞模拟体外ICH,3-甲基腺嘌呤(3-methyladenine,3-MA)作为自噬抑制剂。将细胞随机分为4组(
n
=7):对照组、血红素组、血红素+亚精胺组和血红素+亚精胺+3-MA组。在血红素处理24 h后,通过CCK-8法检测各组细胞存活率、Western blot检测自噬相关蛋白LC3-II、P62的表达,通过测定超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性与丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量以评估氧化应激水平。
结果
2
在ICH造模后第3天,与ICH组相比,亚精胺显著减少脑损伤面积(
P
<
0.05),促进神经功能恢复(
P
<
0.05),激活自噬Beclin-1表达升高,P62表达降低(
P
<
0.05),抑制小胶质细胞/巨噬细胞和星形胶质细胞活化(
P
<
0.01),降低MMP-9、NLRP3及COX-2表达,同时提高SOD活性并减少MDA含量(
P
<
0.05)。在细胞实验中,亚精胺提高HT-22细胞存活率(
P
<
0.05)、增强SOD活性并降低MDA水平(
P
<
0.01),而自噬抑制剂3-MA有效抑制了自噬,使LC3-II表达降低、P62表达升高(
P
<
0.05),并完全逆转了上述保护效应(
P
<
0.05)。
结论
2
亚精胺在ICH后激活自噬并通过抑制神经炎症和氧化应激改善ICH后脑损伤。
Objective To investigate the role and underlying mechanism of spermidine (SPD) in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Methods Male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to establish a collagenase-induced ICH model. The 108 mice were randomly divided into Sham group
ICH group and ICH+SPD group (intraperitoneal injection of 15 mg/kg SPD for 3 consecutive days after modeling)
with 36 mice in each group. On the 3rd day after ICH
neurological deficits were evaluated using modified Garcia scoring and forelimb placing test; brain pathological damage was assessed with HE staining; activation of microglia/macrophages (Iba-1) and astrocytes (GFAP) was detected by immunofluorescence assay; expression of autophagy markers (Beclin-1
P62) and inflammatory factors (MMP-9
NLRP3
COX-2) was measured with Western blotting. In
in vitro
experiments
hemin was used to stimulate HT-22 cells to mimic ICH. The HT-22 cells were randomly divided into Control group
Hemin group
Hemin+SPD group
and Hemin+SPD+3-methyladenine (3-MA
an autophagy inhibitor) group (
n
=7). After 24 h of hemin treatment
cell viability was detected with CCK-8 assay
the expression of autophagy-related proteins (LC3-II and P62) were detected with Western blotting
and oxidative stress was determined by measuring superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Results On day 3 post-ICH
SPD significantly reduced the area of brain damage (
P
<
0.05)
improved neurological recovery (
P
<
0.05)
activated autophagy with up-regulation of Beclin-1 while down-regulation of P62 (
P
<
0.05)
suppressed the activation of microglia/macrophage and astrocytes (
P
<
0.01)
reduced the expression of MMP-9
NLRP3 and COX-2
and enhanced SOD activity and decreased MDA content (
P
<
0.05) when compared with the ICH group. SPD increased the viability of HT-22 cells (
P
<
0.05)
improved SOD activity and reduced MDA content (
P
<
0.01). Autophagy inhibitor 3-MA effectively blocked the down-regulation of LC3-II and up-regulation of P62
and completely reversed above protective effects caused by SPD (
P
<
0.05). Conclusion SPD activates autophagy after ICH and improves post-ICH brain injury by suppressing neuroinflammation and oxidative stress.
SCHRAG M , KIRSHNER H . Management of intracerebral hemorrhage [J]. J Am Coll Cardiol , 2020 , 75 ( 15 ): 1819 - 1831 . DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.10.066 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2019.10.066 .
XUE M Z , YONG V W . Neuroinflammation in intracerebral haemorrhage: immunotherapies with potential for translation [J]. Lancet Neurol , 2020 , 19 ( 12 ): 1023 - 1032 . DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(20)30364-1 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(20)30364-1 .
MORRIS N A , MARC SIMARD J , CHATURVEDI S . Surgical management for primary intracerebral hemorrhage [J]. Neurology , 2024 , 103 ( 4 ): e209714 . DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000209714 http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000209714 .
HOFER S J , SIMON A K , BERGMANN M , et al . Mechanisms of spermidine-induced autophagy and geroprotection [J]. Nat Aging , 2022 , 2 ( 12 ): 1112 - 1129 . DOI: 10.1038/s43587-022-00322-9 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43587-022-00322-9 .
MADEO F , EISENBERG T , BÜTTNER S , et al . Spermidine: a novel autophagy inducer and longevity elixir [J]. Autophagy , 2010 , 6 ( 1 ): 160 - 162 . DOI: 10.4161/auto. 6.1.10600 http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/auto.6.1.10600 .
ZOU D , ZHAO Z Y , LI L , et al . A comprehensive review of spermidine: safety, health effects, absorption and metabolism, food materials evaluation, physical and chemical processing, and bioprocessing [J]. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf , 2022 , 21 ( 3 ): 2820 - 2842 . DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12963 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12963 .
SKATCHKOV S N , WOODBURY-FARIÑA M A , EATON M . The role of glia in stress: polyamines and brain disorders [J]. 2014 , 37 ( 4 ): 653 - 678 . DOI: 10.1016/j.psc.2014.08.008 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psc.2014.08.008 .
SU Q Y , SU C H , ZHANG Y , et al . Adjudin protects blood-brain barrier integrity and attenuates neuroinflammation following intracerebral hemorrhage in mice [J]. Int Immunopharmacol , 2024 , 132 : 111962 . DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111962 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111962 .
HUANG J X , ZHANG H P , ZHANG J N , et al . Spermidine exhibits protective effects against traumatic brain injury [J]. Cell Mol Neurobiol , 2020 , 40 ( 6 ): 927 - 937 . DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00783-4 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10571-019-00783-4 .
ZHENG Z M , WANG Z G , CHEN Y , et al . Spermidine promotes nucleus pulposus autophagy as a protective mechanism against apoptosis and ameliorates disc degeneration [J]. J Cell Mol Med , 2018 , 22 ( 6 ): 3086 - 3096 . DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13586 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcmm.13586 .
FEIGIN V L , LAWES C M M , BENNETT D A , et al . Worldwide stroke incidence and early case fatality reported in 56 population-based studies: a systematic review [J]. 2009 , 8 ( 4 ): 355 - 369 . DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(09)70025-0 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(09)70025-0 .
ZILLE M , FARR T D , KEEP R F , et al . Novel targets, treatments, and advanced models for intracerebral haemorrhage [J]. EBioMedicine , 2022 , 76 : 103880 . DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103880 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103880 .
ZHANG Y , LIU Y , WEE YONG V , et al . Omarigliptin inhibits brain cell ferroptosis after intracerebral hemorrhage [J]. Sci Rep , 2023 , 13 ( 1 ): 14339 . DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41635-y http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-41635-y .
HUANG H Y , BACH J R , SHARMA H S , et al . The 2023 yearbook of neurorestoratology [J]. J Neurorestoratol , 2024 , 12 ( 3 ): 100136 . DOI: 10.1016/j.jnrt.2024.100136 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnrt.2024.100136 .
ZHANG Y , KHAN S , LIU Y , et al . Oxidative stress following intracerebral hemorrhage: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic targets [J]. Front Immunol , 2022 , 13 : 847246 . DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.847246 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.847246 .
SHI K B , TIAN D C , LI Z G , et al . Global brain inflammation in stroke [J]. Lancet Neurol , 2019 , 18 ( 11 ): 1058 - 1066 . DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(19)30078-X http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(19)30078-X .
ZHOU F F , HE Y J , ZHANG M R , et al . Polydopamine(PDA)-coated diselenide-bridged mesoporous silica-based nanoplatform for neuroprotection by reducing oxidative stress and targeting neuroinflammation in intracerebral hemorrhage [J]. J Nanobiotechnology , 2024 , 22 ( 1 ): 731 . DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-03023-0 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12951-024-03023-0 .
ZHANG Y G , YE P , ZHU H , et al . Neutral poly saccharide from Gastrodia elata alleviates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting ferroptosis-mediated neuroinflammation via the NRF2/HO-1 signaling pathway [J]. CNS Neurosci Ther , 2024 , 30 ( 3 ): e14456 . DOI: 10.1111/cns.14456 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cns.14456 .
ZHANG X Y , LI H H , WANG H M , et al . Iron/ROS/Itga3 mediated accelerated depletion of hippocampal neural stem cell pool contributes to cognitive impairment after hemorrhagic stroke [J]. Redox Biol , 2024 , 71 : 103086 . DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103086 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2024.103086 .
TIRUPATHI PICHIAH P B , SURIYAKALAA U , KAMALAKKANNAN S , et al . Spermidine may decrease ER stress in pancreatic beta cells and may reduce apoptosis via activating AMPK dependent autophagy pathway [J]. Med Hypotheses , 2011 , 77 ( 4 ): 677 - 679 . DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2011.07.014 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2011.07.014 .
JIANG D M , JI C W , ZHOU X M , et al . Pathway analysis of spermidine anti-oxidative stress and inducing autophagy in granulosa cells of Sichuan white geese [J]. Theriogenology , 2024 , 215 : 290 - 301 . DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.12.020 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.12.020 .
SCHROEDER S , HOFER S J , ZIMMERMANN A , et al . Dietary spermidine improves cognitive function [J]. Cell Rep , 2021 , 35 ( 2 ): 108985 . DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep. 2021.108985 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108985 .
BANG E , PARK C , HWANGBO H , et al . Spermidine attenuates high glucose-induced oxidative damage in retinal pigment epithelial cells by inhibiting production of ROS and NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway [J]. Int J Mol Sci , 2023 , 24 ( 13 ): 10550 . DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310550 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241310550 .
DUAN S R , WANG F , CAO J W , et al . Exosomes derived from microRNA-146a-5p-enriched bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells alleviate intracerebral hemorrhage by inhibiting neuronal apoptosis and microglial M1 polarization [J]. Drug Des Devel Ther , 2020 , 14 : 3143 - 3158 . DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S255828 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/DDDT.S255828 .
LEI P , LI Z Y , HUA Q W , et al . Ursolic acid alleviates neuroinflammation after intracerebral hemorrhage by mediating microglial pyroptosis via the NF-κB/NLRP3/GSDMD pathway [J]. Int J Mol Sci , 2023 , 24 ( 19 ): 14771 . DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914771 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241914771 .
YANG M X , DENG S X , JIANG J L , et al . Oxytocin improves intracerebral hemorrhage outcomes by suppressing neuronal pyroptosis and mitochondrial fission [J]. Stroke , 2023 , 54 ( 7 ): 1888 - 1900 . DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA. 123.043391 http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.123.043391 .
WANG J N , TONG M L , ZHAO B , et al . Parthenolide ameliorates intracerebral hemorrhage-induced brain injury in rats [J]. Phytother Res , 2020 , 34 ( 1 ): 153 - 160 . DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6510 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6510 .
DEBNATH J , GAMMOH N , RYAN K M . Autophagy and autophagy-related pathways in cancer [J]. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol , 2023 , 24 ( 8 ): 560 - 575 . DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00585-z http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41580-023-00585-z .
高媛媛 , 赵恒光 , 杨桂红 , 等 . DDIT4介导的自噬在毛乳头细胞氧化应激损伤中的保护作用 [J]. 陆军军医大学学报 , 2024 , 46 ( 21 ): 2397 - 2406 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202406063 http://dx.doi.org/10.16016/j.2097-0927.202406063 .
GAO Y Y , ZHAO H G , YANG G H , et al . Protective role of DDIT4-mediated autophagy in dermal papilla cells after oxidative stress injury [J]. J Army Med Univ , 2024 , 46 ( 21 ): 2397 - 2406 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202406063 http://dx.doi.org/10.16016/j.2097-0927.202406063 .
MADEO F , BAUER M A , CARMONA-GUTIERREZ D , et al . Spermidine: a physiological autophagy inducer acting as an anti-aging vitamin in humans? [J]. Autophagy , 2019 , 15 ( 1 ): 165 - 168 . DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2018.1530929 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15548627.2018.1530929 .
GHOSH I , SANKHE R , MUDGAL J , et al . Spermidine, an autophagy inducer, as a therapeutic strategy in neurological disorders [J]. Neuropeptides , 2020 , 83 : 102083 . DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2020.102083 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.npep.2020.102083 .
YANG Y , CHEN S C , ZHANG Y Q , et al . Induction of autophagy by spermidine is neuroprotective via inhibition of caspase 3-mediated Beclin 1 cleavage [J]. Cell Death Dis , 2017 , 8 ( 4 ): e2738 . DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.161 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/cddis.2017.161 .
SAVA I G , BATTAGLIA V , ROSSI C A , et al . Free radical scavenging action of the natural polyamine spermine in rat liver mitochondria [J]. Free Radic Biol Med , 2006 , 41 ( 8 ): 1272 - 1281 . DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2006.07.008 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2006.07.008 .
CHOI Y H , PARK H Y . Anti-inflammatory effects of spermidine in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 microglial cells [J]. J Biomed Sci , 2012 , 19 ( 1 ): 31 . DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-19-31 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1423-0127-19-31 .
LI H Y , WU J , SHEN H T , et al . Autophagy in hemorrhagic stroke: Mechanisms and clinical implications [J]. Prog Neurobiol , 2018 , 163/164 : 79 - 97 . DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.04.002 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.04.002 .
ZHANG R Y , BAI Q , LIU Y , et al . Intracerebral hemorrhage in translational research [J]. Brain Hemorrhages , 2020 , 1 ( 1 ): 13 - 18 . DOI: 10.1016/j.hest. 2020.02.003 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hest.2020.02.003 .
GONG Y , HE Y , GU Y , et al . Effects of aging on autophagy after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage [C]//ZHANG J, COLOHAN A. Intracerebral hemorrhage research:Vol . 111 . Vienna : Springer Vienna , 2011: 113 - 117 . DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-0693-8_18 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-0693-8_18 .
SU Y , ZHANG W , ZHANG R X , et al . Activation of cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway ameliorates cerebral and cardiac dysfunction after intracerebral hemorrhage through autophagy [J]. Front Immunol , 2022 , 13 : 870174 . DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.870174 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.870174 .
0
Views
0
下载量
0
CSCD
Publicity Resources
Related Articles
Related Author
Related Institution
京公网安备11010802024621
