Behavioral characteristics of implicit and explicit emotion regulation in high trait anxiety

WANG Xiaoxue; HUANG Jun; YIN Danxu; DENG Yuhao; ZHENG Zusheng; WU Fanghui; WANG Tao

doi:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202407075

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Behavioral characteristics of implicit and explicit emotion regulation in high trait anxiety

Medical Psychology | 更新时间：2025-04-14

- Behavioral characteristics of implicit and explicit emotion regulation in high trait anxiety
- Journal of Army Medical University Vol. 47, Issue 7, Pages: 742-748(2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.陆军军医大学（第三军医大学）：医学心理系，重庆
  2.陆军军医大学（第三军医大学）：基础医学院三大队九队，重庆
- 作者简介：
  
  WANG Tao， E-mail： twnwt@tmmu.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  the General Project of Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0902);the Project of Humanities and Social Science Foundation of Army Medical University(2021XRW06)
- DOI：10.16016/j.2097-0927.202407075
  CLC：
- Received：19 July 2024，
  
  Revised：12 November 2024，
  
  Published：15 April 2025
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
王小雪,黄俊,尹旦旭,等.高特质焦虑个体内隐与外显情绪调节的行为学特点分析[J].陆军军医大学学报,2025,47(07):742-748.

WANG Xiaoxue,HUANG Jun,YIN Danxu,et al.Behavioral characteristics of implicit and explicit emotion regulation in high trait anxiety[J].J Army Med Univ,2025,47(07):742-748.
王小雪,黄俊,尹旦旭,等.高特质焦虑个体内隐与外显情绪调节的行为学特点分析[J].陆军军医大学学报,2025,47(07):742-748. DOI：10.16016/j.2097-0927.202407075.

WANG Xiaoxue,HUANG Jun,YIN Danxu,et al.Behavioral characteristics of implicit and explicit emotion regulation in high trait anxiety[J].J Army Med Univ,2025,47(07):742-748. DOI：10.16016/j.2097-0927.202407075.

摘要

目的

探究高特质焦虑个体认知重评和表达抑制的使用习惯及其在内隐/外显条件下使用2种情绪调节策略的特点。

方法

于 2023年6月至2023年7月招募57名某军医大学非心理学专业本科生或研究生被试。采用特质焦虑量表（Trait form of Spielberger’s State-Trait Anxiety Inventory， STAI-T）和情绪调节问卷（Emotion Regulation Questionnaire，ERQ）对其焦虑水平以及认知重评和表达抑制2种策略的使用习惯进行调查。按照STAI-T得分将其分为高特质焦虑（high trait anxiety， HTA）和低特质焦虑（low trait anxiety， LTA）2组，其中HTA组28例，LTA组29例，并采用内隐和外显情绪调节任务分析比较2种策略对负性情绪愉悦度和唤醒度的改善效果，以及外显条件下2种策略的难度和成功度差异。

结果

①2组均习惯于使用认知重评，而较少使用表达抑制［

（27）=3.94，

0.001；

（28）=11.33，

0.001］；相较于LTA个体，HTA个体表达抑制的使用频率更高［

（55）=3.02，

0.01］，而认知重评的使用频率较低［

（55）=-2.20，

=0.02］；②内隐条件下，相对于中性启动，认知重评（愉悦度：2.56±0.11

2.73±0.12，

0.01；唤醒度：6.68±0.18

6.51±0.20，

0.05）和表达抑制启动（愉悦度：2.56±0.11

2.86±0.11，

0.001；唤醒度：6.68±0.18

6.30±0.20，

0.001）都可改善2组被试的负性情绪体验，且表达抑制的效果更好（愉悦度：

0.001，唤醒度：

0.001）。③外显条件下，认知重评（愉悦度：2.92±0.12

5.09±0.09，

0.001；唤醒度：6.43±0.20

4.33±0.21，

0.001）和表达抑制（愉悦度：2.92±0.12

4.34±0.09，

0.001；唤醒度：6.43±0.20

4.22±0.22，

0.001）均可显著改善HTA和LTA个体的负性情绪体验，且认知重评对愉悦度的提升优于表达抑制（

0.001）；不同特质焦虑水平间比较显示HTA个体对两种情绪调节策略的使用均显得更为困难［认知重评：

（55）=2.16，

=0.02；表达抑制：

（55）=2.92，

0.01］，且表达抑制的情绪调节成功度更低［

（55）=-1.88，

=0.03］；对HTA个体自身而言，使用表达抑制的难度要大于认知重评［4.00±1.81

5.00±1.80，

（27）=-2.78，

0.01］，且成功度更低［7.04±1.00

6.64±1.13，

（27）=2.09，

=0.02］。④比较内隐和外显条件下的情绪调节效应，发现高、低特质焦虑个体外显情绪调节对愉悦度（外显重评

内隐重评：5.09±0.09

2.73±0.12，

0.001；外显抑制

内隐抑制：4.34±0.09

2.86±0.11，

0.001）和唤醒度（外显重评

内隐重评：4.33±0.21

6.51±0.20，

0.001；外显抑制

内隐抑制：4.22±0.22

6.30±0.20，

0.001）的改善效果均优于内隐条件。

结论

高特质焦虑个体存在认知重评使用相对不足、表达抑制使用偏多的特点；在内隐和外显条件下，认知重评和表达抑制均能有效改善高特质焦虑个体的负性情绪体验，且外显情绪调节的效果均优于内隐。

Abstract

Objective‍　‍To explore the behavioral characteristics of using cognitive reappraisal (CR) and expressive suppression (ES) in high trait anxiety individuals under both explicit and implicit conditions. Methods‍　‍A total of 57 non-psychology undergraduates and postgraduates were recruited in a military medical university from June to July in 2023. All the participants were surveyed with Trait Form of Spielberger’s State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-T) and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) to investigate their level of anxiety and usage habits of CR and ES strategies. According to the STAI-T results

they were divided to a high trait anxiety (HTA) group (

=28) and a low trait anxiety (LTA) group (

=29). Then the implicit and explicit emotion regulation (ER) tasks were used to analyze and compare 2 strategies on improving negative emotional pleasure and arousal

and the differences in difficulty and success of using CR and ES under the explicit condition. Results‍　‍① Both the HTA and LTA individuals showed a higher use of CR and less use of ES [

(27)=3.94

0.001;

(28)=11.33

0.001

]

while the HTA individuals used more ES [

(55)=3.02

0.01

]

and less CR than the LTA individuals [

(55)=-2.20

=0.02

]

. ②Compared with implicit neutral priming

both implicit CR (Pleasure: 2.56±0.11

2.73±0.12

0.01; Arousal: 6.68±0.18

6.51±0.20

0.05) and implicit ES priming (Pleasure: 2.56±0.11

2.86±0.11

0.001; Arousal: 6.68±0.18

6.30±0.20

0.001) improved the negative emotional experiences of both HTA and LTA groups

and ES showed better effect (Pleasure:

0.001; Arousal:

0.0

01). ③ Explicit CR (Pleasure: 2.92±0.12

5.09±0.09

0.001; Arousal: 6.43±0.20

4.33±0.21

0.001) and explicit ES (Pleasure: 2.92±0.12

4.34±0.09

0.001; Arousal: 6.43±0.20

4.22±0.22

0.001) ameliorated the negative feelings in the HTA and LTA individuals

and the effect of explicit CR on improving pleasure was superior than that of explicit ES (

0.001). For the HTA individuals

it is more difficult to implement CR and ES [CR:

(55)=2.16

=0.02; ES:

(55)=2.92

0.01

]

and ES was less successful in emotion regulation when compared with the LTA individuals [

(55)=-1.88

=0.03

]

; the difficulty of using ES was significantly higher than that of CR [4.00±1.81

5.00±1.80

(27)=-2.78

0.01

]

and the success rate was also lower [7.04±1.00

6.64±1.13

(27)=2.09

=0.02

]

. ④ Comparing the effects of emotion regulation under implicit and explicit conditions

it was presented that explicit CR and ES were better than implicit CR and ES for both HTA and LTA individuals (Pleasure: explicit CR

implicit CR: 5.09±0.09

2.73±0.12

0.001; explicit ES

implicit ES: 4.34±0.09

2.86±0.11

0.001; Arousal: explicit CR

implicit CR: 4.33±0.21

6.51±0.20

0.001; explicit ES

implicit ES: 4.22±0.22

6.30±0.20

0.001). Conclusion‍　‍In terms of usage habits of ER strategies

HTA individuals tend to use ES more and CR less than LTA individuals. Under the implicit/explicit conditions

HTA individuals can both e

mploy CR and ES to improve negative emotional experience

and the effect of explicit ER is significantly better than implicit condition.

关键词

Keywords

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