Demographic characteristics and lifestyle related factors of depressive symptoms in Chinese children and adolescents

Xia ZHAO

doi:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202405114

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Demographic characteristics and lifestyle related factors of depressive symptoms in Chinese children and adolescents

Public Health and Preventive Medicine | 更新时间：2026-01-09

- Demographic characteristics and lifestyle related factors of depressive symptoms in Chinese children and adolescents
- Journal of Army Medical University Vol. 46, Issue 20, Pages: 2360-2368(2024)
- 作者机构：
  
  100089 北京，中国青少年研究中心少年儿童研究所
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  the General Project of China Youth and Children Research Center(2024039)
- DOI：10.16016/j.2097-0927.202405114
  CLC： R195.4;R339.31;R749.41
- Received：30 May 2024，
  
  Revised：2024-08-01，
  
  Published：30 October 2024
- 稿件说明：
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Xia ZHAO. Demographic characteristics and lifestyle related factors of depressive symptoms in Chinese children and adolescents[J]. Journal of Army Medical University, 2024, 46(20): 2360-2368.
DOI：

Xia ZHAO. Demographic characteristics and lifestyle related factors of depressive symptoms in Chinese children and adolescents[J]. Journal of Army Medical University, 2024, 46(20): 2360-2368. DOI： 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202405114.

摘要

目的

研究我国儿童青少年抑郁症状的人口学特征及相关生活方式因素。

方法

采用横断面研究设计方案，以分层随机抽样，于2022年7-11月对我国四大经济区10个省(区、市)22 693名小学四年级至初中三年级儿童青少年进行调查，以流调中心抑郁量表(the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale，CES-D)和自编问卷对抑郁症状及相关影响因素进行信息采集和统计分析。

结果

① 我国儿童青少年抑郁症状的总发生率为17.9%，其中轻度抑郁症状占12.8%，重度抑郁症状占5.1%。②人口学特征上：抑郁症状的女性发生率(19.6%

16.2%，

=44.445，

＜0.001)与抑郁症状得分[(5.53±5.53)分

(5.10±5.13)分，

=-6.083，

＜0.001

]

显著高于男性。教育阶段、父母受教育程度、父母职业、家庭经济状况、城乡地区、居住区域等变量的抑郁症状发生率及得分均存在显著差异(

＜0.001)。③生活方式上：睡眠未达标组抑郁症状发生率(20.0%

13.1%，

=169.680，

＜0.001)与抑郁症状得分[(5.73±5.46)

(4.37±4.85)分，

=18.560，

＜0.001

]

显著高于达标组。摄入含糖饮料(sugar-sweetened beverages，SSBs)频率、运动频率、学习日上网时长与抑郁症状发生率及得分均显著相关(

＜0.001)。④回归分析显示：女性、初中生、母亲为军人、居住西部地区、偶尔或经常摄入SSBs、学习日每天上网是抑郁症状的正性相关因素(

＜0.001)；而母亲文化程度初中及以上、主观家庭经济水平中等及以上、睡眠达标、偶尔或经常运动是抑郁症状的负性相关因素(

＜0.001)。

结论

我国儿童青少年抑郁症状的发生可能受性别、年龄、母亲文化程度、母亲职业、家庭经济状况及居住地等人口学特征的影响；不达标的睡眠、频繁摄入SSBs、缺乏运动、上网时间长等不良生活方式与抑郁症状的发生密切相关。

Abstract

Objective

To explore the demographic characteristics and lifestyle factors associated with depressive symptoms among Chinese children and adolescents.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 22 693 children and adolescents who were subjected with stratified random sampling from the fourth grade of primary school to the third grade of junior high school in 10 provinces across 4 major economic regions in China during July to November 2022. All participants were assessed with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and a self-developed questionnaire to collect the factors associated with depressive symptoms and analyze statistically.

Results

① The overall prevalence of depressive symptoms was 17.9% in Chinese children and adolescents

with mild depressive symptoms accounting for 12.8% and severe symptoms for 5.1%. ②Demographic analysis revealed that the female had significantly higher prevalence of depressive symptoms (19.6%

16.2%

=44.445

0.001) and higher depressive symptom score (5.53±5.53

5.10±5.13

=-6.083

0.001) than the male. Significant differences were observed in the participants at different educational stages

and those with different parental education levels

parental occupations

family economic status

urban and rural areas

and residential areas

respectively

(

0.001). ③ Lifestyle analysis indicated that the prevalence of depressive symptoms (20.0%

13.1%

=169.680

0.001) and the depressive symptom score (5.73±5.46

4.37±4.85

=18.560

0.001) were obviously higher in the participants without adequate sleep duration than those with. The frequency of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) consumption

exercise frequency

and daily internet usage on school days were significantly correlated with the prevalence and scores of depressive symptoms (

0.001). ④ Regression analysis identified that female

junior high school status

maternal military occupation

residence in the Western area

occasional or frequent SSBs consumption

and daily internet usage on school days were negative factors for depressive symptoms (

0.001); Whereas maternal education level of junior high school or over

family economic status of moderate or higher

adequate sleep duration

and regular exercise were positive factors (

0.001).

Conclusion

The prevalence of depressive symptoms among Chinese children and adolescents may be influenced by demographic characteristics

such as gender

age

maternal education level

maternal occupation

family economic status

and region of residence. Unhealthy lifestyle behaviors

such as inadequate sleep

frequent SSBs consumption

lack of exercise

and prolonged daily internet usage are closely related to the occurrence of depressive symptoms.

关键词

Keywords

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