Driving fatigue recognition model based on heart rate variability and respiratory rate

Hongyi XIANG; Qiongmin ZHANG; Junjie WANG; Siping WANG; Zhikang LIAO; Lilu SUN; Kui LI; Hui ZHAO

doi:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202203057

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Driving fatigue recognition model based on heart rate variability and respiratory rate

Military Medicine | 更新时间：2026-01-09

- Driving fatigue recognition model based on heart rate variability and respiratory rate
- Journal of Army Medical University Vol. 44, Issue 13, Pages: 1299-1306(2022)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.400042 重庆，陆军特色医学中心军事交通伤防治研究室
  2.400054 重庆，重庆理工大学：计算机科学与工程学院
  3.400054 重庆，重庆理工大学：管理学院
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  the Top-Notch Project of Youth Cultivation Program for Military Medical Science and Technology(20QNPY031);the Special Project of Chongqing Academician-Led Scientific and Technological Innovation Guidance(jscxX0002)
- DOI：10.16016/j.2097-0927.202203057
  CLC： R331.18;R332.2;R338.63
- Received：07 March 2022，
  
  Revised：2022-03-16，
  
  Published：15 July 2022
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
Hongyi XIANG, Qiongmin ZHANG, Junjie WANG, et al. Driving fatigue recognition model based on heart rate variability and respiratory rate[J]. Journal of Army Medical University, 2022, 44(13): 1299-1306.
DOI：

Hongyi XIANG, Qiongmin ZHANG, Junjie WANG, et al. Driving fatigue recognition model based on heart rate variability and respiratory rate[J]. Journal of Army Medical University, 2022, 44(13): 1299-1306. DOI： 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202203057.

摘要

目的

建立结合心率变异性(heart rate variability，HRV)和呼吸频率(respiratory rate，RESP)的驾驶疲劳识别机器学习模型并明确最优特征子集。

方法

2021年6-12月，从陆军军医大学招募20名年龄在20~30岁之间的健康男性志愿者参加疲劳驾驶试验。记录正常睡眠和睡眠剥夺后驾驶员在驾驶任务中的心电信号，提取18维疲劳相关HRV特征值，选择清醒与疲劳状态下存在差异的HRV特征结合RESP作为特征集。比较支持向量机(support vector machines

SVM)、K最邻近(k-nearest neighbor，KNN)、朴素贝叶斯(naive Bayes，NB)、决策树(decision tree，DT)和逻辑回归(logistic regression，LR)这五种经典机器学习方法，筛选最优特征子集，并建立疲劳识别模型。

结果

低频功率(low frequency，LF)与高频功率(high frequency，HF)的比值LF/HF、RESP、平均RR间隔(mean RR interval，Mean RR)、样本熵(sample entropy，SampEn)、去趋势波动分析(detrended fluctuation analysis，DFA)短期斜率DFA α1五个特征是疲劳识别的有效特征子集，在SVM中分类效果最好，疲劳识别的准确性、敏感性、特异性分别为87.03%、87.07%、87.13%。其中LF/HF和RESP是最为重要的驾驶疲劳识别指标，两个维度下各个模型的准确性均能达到80%以上，SVM与LR整体表现更好，准确性、敏感性、特异性分别为84.99%、85.13%、82.65%和84.43%、86.49%、82.02%。

结论

LF/HF、RESP是驾驶疲劳识别的有效特征，在基于HRV特征和RESP的驾驶疲劳识别中SVM与LR的整体表现优于其他模型。

Abstract

Objective

To establish a machine learning model for driving fatigue recognition based on heart rate variability (HRV) and respiratory rate (RESP)

and identify the optimal subsets of features.

Methods

From June 2021 to December 2021

20 healthy male volunteers between the ages of 20 and 30 were recruited from the Army Medical University to participate in the fatigue driving experiment. The electrocardiographic (ECG) signals under normal sleep and sleep deprivation during driving tasks were recorded

and 18-dimensional fatigue-related HRV feature values were extracted. The HRV features that differ between awake and fatigue states were selected

which were further combined with RESP as the feature set. Moreover

5 classic machine learning methods were adopted and compared

including support vector machines (SVM)

k-nearest neighbor (KNN)

naive Bayes (NB)

decision tree (DT) and logistic regression (LR). The optimal feature subset was screened

and then a fatigue recognition model was established.

Results

The ratio of low frequency power to high frequency power (LF/HF)

RESP

mean RR interval (Mean RR)

sample entropy (SampEn)

and detrended fluctuation analysis short-term slope (DFAα1) constituted the effective feature subsets of fatigue recognition

which achieved the best classification effect in SVM

with an accuracy of 87.03%

a sensitivity of 87.07% and a specificity of 87.13% in fatigue recognition. Among them

LF/HF and RESP were found as the most important indicators of driving fatigue identification

with an accuracy of each model in the above 2 dimensions reaching more than 80%. In addition

SVM and LR showed better overall performance

with an accuracy

sensitivity and specificity of 84.99%

85.13%

82.65% for SVM and 84.43%

86.49%

82.02% for LR

respectively.

Conclusion

LF/HF and RESP are the effective features for driving fatigue recognition. In the driving fatigue recognition model based on HRV features and RESP

the overall performance of SVM and LR models is better than the other models.

关键词

Keywords

references

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