Received:09 December 2016,
Published:15 May 2017
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Xin Liu, Hongwei Zhang, Ruoqiu Fu, et al. Anti-cancer effect of active gingerol ingredients from ginger
Xin Liu, Hongwei Zhang, Ruoqiu Fu, et al. Anti-cancer effect of active gingerol ingredients from ginger
Objective
2
To extract
isolate and identify gingerols from ginger
determine their anti-cancer effect and investigate the underlying mechanism.
Methods
2
Supercritical CO
2
fluid extraction was used to extract ginger. The products were then isolated and purified by silica gel
RP-C
18
Sephadex LH-20 and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
and identified by mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The inhibitory effects of the obtained gingerols on cell proliferation in several cancer cell lines were evaluated by MTT assay. Flow cytometry and Western blotting were employed to determine the cell cycle and the expression of relevant proteins.
Results
2
There were 5 gingerols isolated from ginger
that is
4-gingerol
6-gingerol
8-gingerol
10-gingerol and 5′-hydroxy-6-gingerol. Among them
8-gingerol
and especially
10-gingerol exhibited potential inhibitory effects on the cell proliferation in 5 different kinds of cancer cells. The inhibitory concentrations of IC
50
were 25.80±1.39 and 35.29±2.70 μmol/L
respectively in the breast cancer MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells after 72 hours' treatment with 10-gingerol. Flow cytometry found that 8-gingerol and 10-gingerol resulted in cell cycle arrest at G
1
phase
and the propor
tion of G
1
phase cells was (66.73±2.93)% and (66.59±2.49)%
respectively in the 2 breast cell lines after 10-gingerol treatment for 24 h
significantly higher than in the cells without treatment [(47.39±1.97)%
(49.17±3.52)%
P
<
0.01
]
. Western blotting indicated that 8-gingerol and 10-gingerol down-regulated the expression levels of G
1
phase related proteins
Cyclin D and CDK4 and decreased p-ERK and enhanced p-P38 in MAPK signaling pathway in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells.
Conclusion
2
8-gingerol and 10-gingerol derived from ginger exhibit obviously inhibitory effects on cancer cell proliferation
which are associated with its interruption of ERK and p38 MAPK signaling pathway and then leading to G
1
phase arrest.
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