1.兰州大学第一医院内分泌科/甘肃省内分泌疾病临床医学研究中心,兰州 730000
2.中国人民解放军总医院第三医学中心内分泌科,北京 100089
Received:09 September 2025,
Revised:2025-10-21,
Accepted:24 October 2025,
Published:28 October 2026
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井高静,傅松波,王宏宇,等.4例Gitelman综合征病例回顾及家系遗传学分析并文献综述[J].重庆医科大学学报,2026,51(10):1387-1397.
Jing Gaojing,Fu Songbo,Wang Hongyu,et al.Retrospective and familial genetic analyses of Gitelman syndrome: a report of four cases and a systematic literature review[J].Journal of Chongqing Medical University,2026,51(10):1387-1397.
井高静,傅松波,王宏宇,等.4例Gitelman综合征病例回顾及家系遗传学分析并文献综述[J].重庆医科大学学报,2026,51(10):1387-1397. DOI: 10.13406/j.cnki.cyxb.003995.
Jing Gaojing,Fu Songbo,Wang Hongyu,et al.Retrospective and familial genetic analyses of Gitelman syndrome: a report of four cases and a systematic literature review[J].Journal of Chongqing Medical University,2026,51(10):1387-1397. DOI: 10.13406/j.cnki.cyxb.003995.
目的
2
总结4例Gitelman综合征(Gitelman syndrome,GS)患者的临床与遗传学特征,并结合近5年国内外文献进行系统性回顾,探讨其临床异质性、基因型-表型关系及治疗策略。
方法
2
回顾性分析中国人民解放军总医院第三医学中心收治的4例GS患者的临床表现、实验室检查、基因检测及家系遗传学资料,同时检索PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、Cochrane Library及中国知网等数据库,筛选2020年1月1日至2025年8月13日的相关病例报告、病例系列及家系研究,并进行系统性分析。
结果
2
4例患者均表现为不同程度的低钾血症,部分患者合并低镁血症和代谢性碱中毒。基因检测均提示
SLC12A3
基因突变,并在家系成员中得以证实。文献回顾共纳入17篇文献,涉及17例患者资料,结果显示GS临床表型高度异质,主要临床特征为低钾血症、乏力及低镁血症,部分患者合并代谢性碱中毒。遗传学分析提示
SLC12A3
基因突变类型多样,错义突变最为常见,部分病例合并
CLCNKB
基因突变。治疗方面,患者治疗多以补钾、补镁及使用保钾利尿剂为主,症状多可改善,但血镁水平长期难以恢复正常。
结论
2
GS的临床表型和遗传学特征均存在高度异质性,基因型-表型关系尚未完全明确。早期识别、规范补钾补镁及个体化联合治疗有助于改善症状并提高患者长期生活质量。
Objective
2
To summarize the clinical and genetic features of four patients with Gitelman syndrome(GS),and to investigate the clinical heterogeneity,genotype-phenotype correlations,and treatment strategies of GS through a systematic literature review of related articles published in the past five years in China and globally.
Methods
2
A retrospective analysis was performed for the data of four patients with GS who were admitted to The Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital,including clinical manifestations,laboratory findings,genetic testing results,and familial genetic data. Eight databases including PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,the Cochrane Library,and CNKI were searched for related case reports,case series,and family studies published from January 1,2020 to August 13,2025,and conduct a systematic analysis of the included literature.
Results
2
All four patients presented with varying degrees of hypokalemia,and some of them had concomitant hypomagnesemia and metabolic alkalosis. Genetic testing revealed mutations in the
SLC12A3
gene in all patients,which were confirmed in family members. A total of 17 studies involving 17 patients were included in the literature review,and the results showed that GS had highly heterogeneous clinical phenotypes and the main clinical characteristics of hypokalemia,weakness,and hypomagnesemia,with the presence of metabolic alkalosis in some patients. The genetic analysis revealed a wide spectrum of
SLC12A3
variations,most of which were missense mutations,and some patients also had
CLCNKB
mutations. As for treatment,most patients received potassium and magnesium supplementation combined with potassium-sparing diuretics,which improved symptoms but often failed to completely normalize the serum level of magnesium after long-term treatment.
Conclusion
2
GS had highly heterogeneous clinical and heredity features,and its genotype-phenotype relationship remains unclear. Early identification,standardized potassium/magnesium supplementation,and individualized combination therapy can help to improve clinical symptoms and enhance long-term quality of life.
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