青海大学附属医院烧伤整形科,西宁 810001
Received:01 January 2025,
Revised:2025-07-21,
Accepted:31 July 2025,
Published:28 April 2026
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崔强,王洪瑾,吴晓伟等.富氢水通过调节TGF-β1/Smad3信号通路促进大鼠深Ⅱ度烧伤创面愈合[J].重庆医科大学学报,2026,51(04):554-562.
Cui Qiang,Wang Hongjin,Wu Xiaowei,et al.The mechanism of hydrogen-rich water promoting deep second-degree burn wound healing in rats by regulating TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway[J].Journal of Chongqing Medical University,2026,51(04):554-562.
崔强,王洪瑾,吴晓伟等.富氢水通过调节TGF-β1/Smad3信号通路促进大鼠深Ⅱ度烧伤创面愈合[J].重庆医科大学学报,2026,51(04):554-562. DOI: 10.13406/j.cnki.cyxb.003952.
Cui Qiang,Wang Hongjin,Wu Xiaowei,et al.The mechanism of hydrogen-rich water promoting deep second-degree burn wound healing in rats by regulating TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway[J].Journal of Chongqing Medical University,2026,51(04):554-562. DOI: 10.13406/j.cnki.cyxb.003952.
目的
2
探讨富氢水促进深Ⅱ度烧伤大鼠创面愈合的作用及其分子机制。
方法
2
将30只SD大鼠随机分为对照组、假烧伤组、模型组、富氢水组、转化生长因子-β1(transforming growth factor-beta 1,TGF-β1)抑制剂组5组,每组6只大鼠。采用圆形高温烫伤仪建立大鼠深Ⅱ度烧伤模型,TGF-β1抑制剂组大鼠在造模前腹腔注射15 mg/kg的SB-431542,造模成功后给药,药物组用玻璃瓶每天给大鼠输送两次200 mL的富氢水,其余各组大鼠常规饮水,连续治疗2周。观察各组大鼠皮肤烧伤组织的愈合情况;苏木精-伊红(hematoxylin and eosin,HE)染色观察创面组织的病理形态学变化;酶联免疫吸附测定(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,Elisa)试剂盒检测血清中肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor alpha,TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1 beta,IL-1β)、白细胞介素-10(interleukin-10,IL-10)的含量;生化试剂盒检测创面组织中超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)及超氧化物阴离子的含量;TUNEL染色检测创面组织的细胞凋亡;免疫组化染色创面组织增殖细胞核抗原(proliferating cell nuclear antigen,PCNA)的表达;JC1流式检测创面组织中的线粒体膜电位;蛋白免疫印迹(Western blot,WB)检测创面组织中TGF-β1、SMAD家族成员3(SMAD family member 3,Smad3)、磷酸化SMAD家族成员3(phosphorylated SMAD family member 3,p-Smad3)的表达。
结果
2
与对照组相比,模型组大鼠创面组织见表皮结构缺失,真皮层内细胞见大量坏死,并伴随大量炎性细胞浸润,皮肤组织有出血且红细胞溢出等病理变化,这提示模型建立成功。与模型组比较,富氢水组大鼠血清中TNF-α(42.18±1.09,
P
<
0.001)、IL-1β(4.82±0.24,
P
<
0.001)含量降低,IL-10(7.33±0.46,
P
<
0.001)含量升高,创面组织中SOD活性(28.57±1.58,
P
<
0.001)、线粒体膜电位(3.05±0.48,
P
=0.002)升高,MDA活性(1.59±0.05,
P
<
0.001)、细胞凋亡率(1.30±0.47,
P
=0.005)、超氧化物阴离子含量(0.42±0.01,
P
<
0.001)降低,TGF-β1(0.62±0.16,
P
=0.002)及p-Smad3(0.66±0.23,
P
=0.018)蛋白的表达升高。
结论
2
富氢水可能通过激活TGF-β1/Smad3信号通路抑制烧伤皮肤组织的炎症反应及细胞凋亡,并缓解氧化应激及线粒体功能障碍从而促进深Ⅱ度烧伤大鼠的创面组织修复。
Objective
2
To explore the effects of hydrogen-rich water in promoting wound healing in rats with deep second-degree burns and the underlying molecular mechanism.
Methods
2
Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group,sham burn group,model group,hydrogen-rich water group,and transforming growth factor-beta 1(TGF-β1) inhibitor group,with six rats in each group. A rat model of deep second-degree burns was established using a circular high-temperature burn device. The rats in the TGF-β1 inhibitor group were intraperitoneally given SB-431542 at a dose of 15 mg/kg before modeling. After modelling,the TGF-β1 inhibitor group and hydrogen-rich water group were given 200 mL of hydrogen-rich water twice a day,while the other groups were given normal drinking water for two consecutive weeks. For all the groups,we observed the healing of skin burns; examined the pathological changes of the wounds with hematoxylin and eosin staining; measured serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α),interleukin-1 beta(IL-1β),and interleukin-10(IL-10) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay;determined the content of superoxide dismutase(SOD),malondialdehyde(MDA),and superoxide anion in wound tissue using biochemical kits;examined cell apoptosis in wound tissue with TUNEL staining; measured the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in wound tissue with immunohistochemical staining; measured the mitochondrial membrane potential in wound tissue by flow cytometry with JC-1 staining; and measured the expression of TGF-β1,SMAD family member 3(Smad3),and phosphorylated Smad3 (p-Smad3) in wound tissue by Western blot.
Results
2
Compared with the control group,the model group showed the loss of the epidermal structure of the wound tissue,extensive cell necrosis in the dermis accompanied by massive inflammatory cell infiltration,and bleeding and erythrocyte extravasation in the skin tissue,which indicated that the model was successfully established. Compared with the model group,the hydrogen-rich water group showed significant decreases in serum levels of TNF-α(42.18±1.09,
P
<
0.001) and IL-1β(4.82±0.24,
P
<
0.001),a significant increase in the serum IL-10 level (7.33±0.46,
P
<
0.001),significant increases in SOD activity(28.57±1.58,
P
<
0.001) and the mitochondrial membrane potential(3.05±0.48,
P
=0.002) in wound tissue,significant redu
ctions in MDA activity(1.59±0.05,
P
<
0.001),superoxide anion content(0.42±0.01,
P
<
0.001),and the cell apoptosis rate(1.30±0.47,
P
=0.005) in wound tissue,and significant increases in the protein expression of TGF-β1(0.62±0.16,
P
=0.002) and p-Smad3(0.66±0.23,
P
=0.018) in wound tissue.
Conclusion
2
Hydrogen-rich water may activate the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway to inhibit the inflammation and cell apoptosis of burned skin and relieve oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction,thereby promoting wound tissue repair in rats with deep second-degree burns.
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