Correlation and significance of interleukin-33 and interferon gamma in peripheral blood mononuclear cells with airway inflammation and symptom control in children with asthma

Xiong Leilei; Zhang Xiangfeng; Zhang Zhiying; Luo Qinglin; Zhou Xue; Jin Xiuhong

doi:10.13406/j.cnki.cyxb.003885

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Correlation and significance of interleukin-33 and interferon gamma in peripheral blood mononuclear cells with airway inflammation and symptom control in children with asthma

Clinical research | 更新时间：2026-03-19

- Correlation and significance of interleukin-33 and interferon gamma in peripheral blood mononuclear cells with airway inflammation and symptom control in children with asthma
- Journal of Chongqing Medical University Vol. 51, Issue 3, Pages: 419-425(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  郑州大学附属儿童医院/河南省儿童医院郑州儿童医院南院区呼吸科，河南 450000
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.13406/j.cnki.cyxb.003885
  CLC： R725
- Received：16 February 2025，
  
  Revised：2025-04-15，
  
  Accepted：28 April 2025，
  
  Published：28 March 2026
- 稿件说明：
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熊蕾蕾,张向峰,张志英等.外周血单个核细胞IL-33、IFN-γ与儿童哮喘气道炎症、症状控制水平的相关性及意义[J].重庆医科大学学报,2026,51(03):419-425.

Xiong Leilei,Zhang Xiangfeng,Zhang Zhiying,et al.Correlation and significance of interleukin-33 and interferon gamma in peripheral blood mononuclear cells with airway inflammation and symptom control in children with asthma[J].Journal of Chongqing Medical University,2026,51(03):419-425.
熊蕾蕾,张向峰,张志英等.外周血单个核细胞IL-33、IFN-γ与儿童哮喘气道炎症、症状控制水平的相关性及意义[J].重庆医科大学学报,2026,51(03):419-425. DOI： 10.13406/j.cnki.cyxb.003885.

Xiong Leilei,Zhang Xiangfeng,Zhang Zhiying,et al.Correlation and significance of interleukin-33 and interferon gamma in peripheral blood mononuclear cells with airway inflammation and symptom control in children with asthma[J].Journal of Chongqing Medical University,2026,51(03):419-425. DOI： 10.13406/j.cnki.cyxb.003885.

摘要

目的

分析外周血单个核细胞白细胞介素-33（interleukin-33，IL-33）、干扰素-γ（interferon-gamma，IFN-γ）与儿童哮喘气道炎症、症状控制水平的相关性及意义。

方法

选取2022年11月至2024年12月郑州大学附属儿童医院/河南省儿童医院郑州儿童医院收治的105例哮喘患儿作为哮喘组，选取同期健康体检儿童105例作为对照组。将哮喘组患儿根据症状控制水平分为控制组、未控制组。统计2组外周血单个核细胞IL-33、IFN-γ、气道炎症［嗜酸性粒细胞百分比（eosinophil percentage，EOS%）、呼出气一氧化氮（fractional exhaled nitric oxide，FeNO）、免疫球蛋白E（immunoglobulin e，IgE）］，分析外周血单个核细胞IL-33、IFN-γ与气道炎症、症状控制水平的相关性，并分析外周血单个核细胞IL-33、IFN-γ对哮喘症状控制水平的效应，受试者工作特征（receiver operating characteristic，ROC）曲线分析外周血单个核细胞IL-33联合IFN-γ预测哮喘控制水平的作用的影响及预测价值。

结果

哮喘组IL-33、EOS%、FeNO、IgE［（36.19±4.20） ng/L、（18.65±0.91）%、（45.90±2.63） ppb、（275.68±20.39） IU/mL］高于对照组［（7.55±2.43） ng/L、（0.89±0.28）%、（5.77±1.94） ppb、（54.92±17.45） IU/mL］，IFN-γ（52.72±16.18） ng/L低于对照组（90.15±20.77） ng/L（

=25.607、30.758、32.181、35.986、9.770，均

0.05）；Pearson相关性分析显示，IL-33与EOS%、FeNO、IgE呈正相关（

=0.720、0.749、0.722，均

0.05），IFN-γ与EOS%、FeNO、IgE呈负相关（

=-0.739、-0.703、-0.767，均

0.05）；未控制组IL-33（48.93±15.87） ng/L高于控制组（20.47±6.56） ng/L，IFN-γ（41.66±12.40） ng/L低于控制组（66.37±18.25） ng/L（

=11.515、8.234，均

0.05）；IL-33（

=1.398，95%CI=1.166~1.675）、IFN-γ（

=0.421，95%CI=0.243~0.728）是症状控制水平的独立相关影响因素（

0.05）；IL-33、IFN-γ与哮喘症状控制水平呈线性关系，其中IL-33为负向线性关系，IFN-γ呈正向线性关系；ROC分析显示，IL-33、IFN-γ预测哮喘控制水平的AUC分别为0.745（95%CI=0.651~0.825）、0.766（95%CI=0.673~0.843）；以R00为参照，R01、R10、R11亚组患儿哮喘控制不良的风险值

（95%CI）分别为1.293（95%CI=1.056~1.582）、1.406（95%CI=1.133~1.744）、7.472（95%CI=5.062~11.029）（

0.05）；IL-33高表达+IFN-γ低表达对哮喘控制水平具有正相加交互作用，二者交互作用所占的比例为77.26%；IL-33联合IFN-γ预测哮喘控制水平的AUC为0.883（95%CI=0.806~0.938），敏感度为82.98%，特异度为81.03%（

0.001），大于IL-33、IFN-γ（

=2.409、2.030，

=0.016、0.042）。

结论

外周血单个核细胞IL-33、IFN-γ水平与哮喘气道炎症反应、症状控制水平密切相关，为临床早期预测症状控制水平、针对性制定相应干预方案提供参考依据。

Abstract

Objective

To investigate the correlation and significance of interleukin-33（IL-33） and interferon gamma（IFN-γ） in peripheral blood mononuclear cells with airway inflammation and symptom control in children with asthma.

Methods

A total of 105 children with asthma who were admitted to Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University/Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital of Henan Children’s Hospital from November 2022 to December 2024 were enrolled as asthma group，and 105 children who underwent physical examination during the same period of time were enrolled as control group. According to the level of symptom control，the asthma group was further divided into controlled group and uncontrolled group. The two groups were analyzed in terms of the levels of IL-33 and IFN-γ in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and airway inflammation（eosinophil percentage［EOS%］，fractional exhaled nitric oxide［FeNO］，and immunoglobulin E ［IgE］），and the correlation of IL-33 and IFN-γ in peripheral blood mononuclear cells with airway inflammation and symptom control was analyzed，as well as the effect of IL-33 and IFN-γ on the level of symptom control in asthma. The ROC curve analysis was used to investigate the value of IL-33 combined with IFN-γ in predicting the level of asthma control.

Results

Compared with the control group，the asthma group had significantly higher levels of IL-33［（36.19±4.20） ng/L vs. （7.55±2.43） ng/L，

=25.607，

0.05］，EOS%［（18.65±0.91）% vs. （0.89±0.28）%，

=30.758，

0.05］，FeNO［（45.90±2.63） ppb vs. （5.77±1.94） ppb，

=32.181，

0.05］，and IgE［（275.68±20.39） IU/mL vs. （54.92±17.45） IU/mL，

=35.986，

0.05］ and a significantly lower level of IFN-d［（52.72±16.18） ng/L vs. （90.15±20.77） ng/L，

=9.770，all

0.05］. The Pearson correlation analysis showed that IL-33 was positively correlated with EOS%，FeNO，and IgE（

=0.720，0.749，and 0.722，all

0.05），while IFN-γ was negatively correlated with EOS%，FeNO，and

IgE（

=-0.739，-0.703，and -0.767，all

0.05）. Compared with the controlled group，the uncontrolled group had a significantly higher level of IL-33［（48.93±15.87） ng/L vs. （20.47±6.56） ng/L，

=11.515，

0.05］ and a significantly lower level of IFN-γ［（41.66±12.40） ng/L vs. （66.37±18.25） ng/L，

=8.234，all

0.05］. IL-33（odds ratio［

］=1.398，95%CI=1.166-1.675，

0.05） and IFN-γ（

=0.421，95%CI=0.243-0.728，

0.05） were independent influencing factors for the level of symptom control，and both IL-33 and IFN-γ had a linear relationship with the level of symptom control in asthma，among which IL-33 exhibited a negative linear relationship and IFN-γ exhibited a positive linear relationship. The ROC curve analysis showed that IL-33 and IFN-γ had an AUC of were 0.745（95%CI=0.651-0.825） and 0.766 （95%CI=0.673-0.843），respectively，in predicting the level of asthma control. With the R00 subgroup as the reference，the R01，R10，and R11 subgroups had an OR value of 1.293（95%CI=1.056-1.582，

0.05），1.406（95%CI=1.133-1.744，

0.05），and 7.472 （95%CI=5.062-11.029，

0.05），respectively，for poor asthma control. The high expression of IL-33 and the low expression of IFN-γ had a positive additive interaction on the level of asthma control，with a proportion of 77.26% for the interaction between the two indicators. IL-33 combined with IFN-γ had an AUC of 0.883（95%CI=0.806-0.938，

0.001） in predicting the level of asthma control，with a sensitivity of 82.98% and a specificity of 81.03%，which were greater than those of IL-33 and IFN-γ（

=2.409 and 2.030，

=0.016 and 0.042）.

Conclusion

The levels of IL-33 and IFN-γ in peripheral blood mononuclear cells are closely associated with airway inflammation and symptom control in asthma，which provides a reference for predicting the level of symptom control in the early stage and developing targeted intervention regimens.

关键词

Keywords

references

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