1.陆军军医大学第二附属医院医务处,重庆 400037
2.陆军军医大学第二附属医院肿瘤科,重庆 400037
3.重庆市武隆区人民医院中医科,重庆 408500
Received:01 March 2025,
Revised:2025-04-18,
Accepted:24 April 2025,
Published:28 June 2025
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陈旭,简春利,杨峤,等.BALF宏基因组二代测序分析恶性肿瘤伴发肺部炎症的病原谱特征及临床意义[J].重庆医科大学学报,2025,50(6):742-749.
Chen Xu,Jian Chunli,Yang Qiao,et al.Characteristics of pathogen spectrum and clinical significance of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid metagenomic next-generation sequencing in malignant tumor patients with pulmonary infections[J].Journal of Chongqing Medical University,2025,50(6):742-749.
陈旭,简春利,杨峤,等.BALF宏基因组二代测序分析恶性肿瘤伴发肺部炎症的病原谱特征及临床意义[J].重庆医科大学学报,2025,50(6):742-749. DOI: 10.13406/j.cnki.cyxb.003851.
Chen Xu,Jian Chunli,Yang Qiao,et al.Characteristics of pathogen spectrum and clinical significance of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid metagenomic next-generation sequencing in malignant tumor patients with pulmonary infections[J].Journal of Chongqing Medical University,2025,50(6):742-749. DOI: 10.13406/j.cnki.cyxb.003851.
目的
2
基于肺泡灌洗液(bronchoalveolar lavage fluid,BALF)宏基因组二代测序(metagenomic next-generation sequencing,mNGS)技术,分析恶性肿瘤患者伴发肺部炎症的病原谱特征及临床意义。
方法
2
回顾性纳入2021年1月至2024年12月陆军军医大学第二附属医院肿瘤科收治的恶性肿瘤患者,所有患者均为治疗过程中出现呼吸道症状,肺部影像学诊断为肺部炎症,通过BALF mNGS及痰液检测病原微生物。通过描述性分析描述患者临床资料及病原微生物谱分布,比较不同癌症类型、转移状态患者病原体分布差异。比较痰液培养和BALF mNGS检测的差异性。
结果
2
共纳入127例患者,其中70.9%为非小细胞肺癌、15.0%为小细胞肺癌、其他类型14.1%。存在远处转移的患者占48.0%。共检测BALF mNGS 145次,其中84次(57.9%)病原微生物呈阳性。混合感染共13次,占比15.5%。共检出121株病原微生物,真菌(41.3%)和革兰阴性菌(39.7%)为主要感染病原体种类。其中耶氏肺孢子菌(16.5%)、白色念珠菌(11.6%)、流感嗜血杆菌(11.6%)、肺炎克雷伯菌(10.7%)、铜绿假单胞菌(10.7%)及金黄色葡萄球菌(8.3%)构成最常见的感染病原体。不同癌症类型及远处转移状态患者病原体分布差异明显,但耶氏肺孢子菌均为最常见的机会性感染病原体。70例患者同时进行了痰液病原微生物培养,检测阳性率仅为16.0%,较BALF mNGS检测明显降低(
χ
2
=
35.52,
P
<
0.001)。痰液培养和BALF mNGS结果一致性比例为48.1%。
结论
2
BALF mNGS可精准揭示恶性肿瘤患者肺部感染的复杂病原谱,尤其是耶氏肺孢子菌等高危机会性病原体。对于痰菌阴性的患者,BALF mNGS也可显著提高检出率,同时提高混合感染的检出率。
Objective
2
To investigate the characteristics of pathogen spectrum and the clinical significance of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) metagenomic next-generation sequencing(mNGS) in malignant tumor patients with pulmonary infections.
Methods
2
A retrospective analysis was performed for the patients with malignant tumor who were admitted to department of oncology,the Second affiliated hospital of army medical university,from January 2021 to December 2024. All patients developed respiratory symptoms during treatment and were diagnosed with pulmonary inflammation based on lung imaging findings,and BALF mNGS and sputum culture were used for pathogen detection. A descriptive analysis was used to summarize the clinical data of patients and the distribution of pathogens,which was compared between patients with different cancer types and metastatic statuses. BALF mNGS and sputum culture were compared in terms of diagnostic performance.
Results
2
A total of 127 patients were enrolled,among whom 70.9% had non-small cell lung cancer,15.0% had small cell lung cancer,and 14.1% had other malignancies. The patients with distant metastasis accounted for 48.0%. A total of 145 BALF mNGS tests were performed,among which 84 tests(57.9%) yielded positive results for pathogens,and 13 tests detected polymicrobial infections,accounting for 15.5%(13/84). A total of 121 pathogenic strains were identified,with fungi(41.3%) and Gram-negative bacteria(39.7%) as the main pathogens,and common pathogens for infection included
Pneumocystis jirovecii
(16.5%),
Candida albicans
(11.6%),
Haemophilus influenzae
(11.6%),
Klebsiella pneumoniae
(10.7%),
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
(10.7%),and
Staphylococcus aureus
(8.3%). There was a significant difference in the distribution of pathogens between the patients with different types of cancer and statuses of distant metastasis,but
Pneumocystis jirovecii
remained the most common pathogen for opportunistic infection across all subgroups. A total of 70 patients underwent both sputum culture and BALF mNGS,and the positive rate of sputum culture was only 16.0%,which was significantly lower than that of BALF mNGS(
χ²
=35.52,
P
<
0.001). The concordance rate between sputum culture and BALF mNGS was 48.1%.
Conclusion
2
BALF mNGS can accurately reveal the complex pathogen spectrum in malignant tumor patients with pulmonary infections,especially the high-risk opportunistic pathogens such as
Pneumocystis jirovecii
. For patients with negative results of sputum culture,BALF mNGS can significantly improve the detection rates of pathogens and polymicrobial infections.
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