Li Chong,Xie Xi,Wang Yaru,et al.Influence of type 2 diabetes mellitus on the morphology and apoptosis of germ cells in male mice[J].Journal of Chongqing Medical University,2023,48(11):1331-1336.
Li Chong,Xie Xi,Wang Yaru,et al.Influence of type 2 diabetes mellitus on the morphology and apoptosis of germ cells in male mice[J].Journal of Chongqing Medical University,2023,48(11):1331-1336. DOI: 10.13406/j.cnki.cyxb.003368.
Influence of type 2 diabetes mellitus on the morphology and apoptosis of germ cells in male mice
To investigate the influence of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) on testicular histomorphology,testosterone secretion,and spermatogenesis by establishing a male mouse model of T2DM.
Methods
2
A total of 24 male C57BL/6J mice,aged 8 weeks,were randomly divided into control group with 10 mice and T2DM group with 14 mice. The mice in the control group were fed a basal diet,and those in the T2DM group were fed a high-fat diet. After 8 weeks,the mice in the control group were given intraperitoneal injection of citrate buffer,and those in the T2DM group were given intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin(STZ),for 5 consecutive days. The mice were sacrificed after 4 weeks of feeding,and the serum,testis,and epididymis of the male mice were isolated. Sperm count and testosterone level were measured to assess the spermatogenic function of germ cells in male mice;HE staining was used to observe the morphological changes of the testis;TUNEL staining was used to observe the apoptosis of testicular germ cells. ELISA was used to measure the serum levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD),malondialdehyde(MDA),and heme oxygenase-1(HO-1),and Western blot was used to measure the protein expression levels of B cell lymphoma/leukemia-2(Bcl-2),Bcl-2-associated X protein(BaX),and cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3(caspase-3) in testicular tissue of male mice.
Results
2
Compared with the control group,the T2DM group had significant reductions in body weight [(26.00±2.85) g vs. (29.71±4.28) g,
P
=0.000
]
,sperm number [(4.15±1.01) ×10
6
/L vs. (5.56±0.70)×10
6
/L,
P
=0.009
]
,and testosterone level [(0.99±0.41) ng/mL vs. (19.85±10.23) ng/mL,
P
=0.041
]
. TUNEL staining showed that the T2DM group had varying degrees of apoptosis in spermatogenic cells at all levels of testicular seminiferous tubules,with a significant increase in the number of apoptotic cells(21.60±5.11,
P
=0.033). ELISA showed that the T2DM group had significant increases in the expression levels of the serum oxidative stress markers SOD(4.42±0.47) pg/mL and HO-1(2 968.00±536.10) pg/mL(
P
=0.000 and 0.008). Western blot showed significant increases in the protein expression levels of BaX(1.270±0.059) and caspase-3(1.94±0.47)(
P
=0.008 and 0.041) and BaX/Bcl-2 ratio.
Conclusion
2
Male mice with T2DM have a significant reduction in serum testosterone level,a significant increase in the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells,and a significant reduction in the number of mature spermatogenic cells,which affect reproductive capacity.
关键词
Keywords
references
Shi GJ , Li ZM , Zheng J , et al . Diabetes associated with male reproductive system damages:onset of presentation,pathophysiological mechanisms and drug intervention [J ] . Biomedecine Pharmacother , 2017 , 90 : 562 - 574 .
Ferreira C , Sousa M , Rabaça A , et al . Impact of metformin on male reproduction [J ] . Curr Pharm Des , 2015 , 21 ( 25 ): 3621 - 3633 .
Zhang JR , Xu HM , Tang F , et al . Sperm DNA fragment rate,AR rate and MMP in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus [J ] . Zhejiang Med J , 2022 , 44 ( 23 ): 2556 - 2558 .
Singh AK , Tomarz S , Chaudhari AR , et al . Type 2 diabetes mellitus affects male fertility potential [J ] . Indian J Physiol Pharmacol , 2014 , 58 ( 4 ): 403 - 406 .
Cao W , Zheng RD , Fan YF , et al . Correlation between testosterone and metabolic index in male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus [J ] . J Sichuan Univ Med Sci Ed , 2018 , 49 ( 2 ): 235 - 238 .
Sun SH , Qi SS , Sun CY . Changes of NO,NOS,ET and CGRP in serum and reproductive organs of male T2DM model rats [J ] . Chin J Gerontol , 2007 , 27 ( 15 ): 1468 - 1470 .
Xu FF , Wang N , Li GQ , et al . Establishment and assessment of mice models of type 2 diabetes mellitus [J ] . Acta Acad Med Sin , 2017 , 39 ( 3 ): 324 - 329 .
Sampannang A , Arun S , Burawat J , et al . Comparison of male reproductive parameters in mice with type 1 and type 2 diabetes [J ] . Clin Exp Reprod Med , 2020 , 47 ( 1 ): 20 - 33 .
Shu WQ , Li CH , Wang HQ , et al . The study on the relationship between blood glucose level’s and chest CT features in diabetic patients complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis [J ] . Chin J Antituberc , 2017 , 39 ( 6 ): 565 - 569 .
Oduwole OO , Huhtaniemi IT , Misrahi M . The roles of luteinizing hormone,follicle-stimulating hormone and testosterone in spermatogenesis and folliculogenesis revisited [J ] . Int J Mol Sci , 2021 , 22 ( 23 ): 12735 .
Dworzański J , Strycharz-Dudziak M , Kliszczewska E , et al . Glutathione peroxidase(GP x ) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 infected with Epstein-Barr virus [J ] . PLoS One , 2020 , 15 ( 3 ): e0230374 .
Concepción-Zavaleta M , Paz Ibarra JL , Ramos-Yataco A , et al . Assessment of hormonal status in male infertility. An update [J ] . Diabetes Metab Syndr , 2022 , 16 ( 3 ): 102447 .
Sandro LV , Rosita C , Enzo V , et al . Diabetes Mellitus and Sperm Parameters [J ] . Journal of Andrology . 2012 , 33 ( 2 ): 145 - 153 .
Chatterjee S , Khunti K , Davies MJ . Type 2 diabetes [J ] . Lancet , 2017 , 389 ( 10085 ): 2239 - 2251 .
Oghbaei H , Fattahi A , Hamidian G , et al . A closer look at the role of insulin for the regulation of male reproductive function [J ] . Gen Comp Endocrinol , 2021 , 300 : 113643 .
Shi CC , Bai WJ . Spermatogenesis-promoting therapy for testicular spermatogenic dysfunction [J ] . Chin J Androl , 2020 , 34 ( 3 ): 59 - 62 .
Zaker H , Razi M , Mahmoudian A , et al . Boosting effect of testosterone on GDNF expression in Sertoli cell line(TM4);comparison between TM3 cells-produced and exogenous testosterone [J ] . Gene , 2022 , 812 : 146112 .
Ceriello A , Dello Russo P , Amstad P , et al . High glucose induces antioxidant enzymes in human endothelial cells in culture. Evidence linking hyperglycemia and oxidative stress [J ] . Diabetes , 1996 , 45 ( 4 ): 471 - 477 .
Barkabi-Zanjani S , Ghorbanzadeh V , Aslani M , et al . Diabetes mellitus and the impairment of male reproductive function:possible signaling pathways [J ] . Diabetes Metab Syndr , 2020 , 14 ( 5 ): 1307 - 1314 .
Evans MD , Cooke MS . Factors contributing to the outcome of oxidative damage to nucleic acids [J ] . Bioessays , 2004 , 26 ( 5 ): 533 - 542 .
Long LL , Qiu H , Cai B , et al . Hyperglycemia induced testicular damage in type 2 diabetes mellitus rats exhibiting microcirculation impairments associated with vascular endothelial growth factor decreased via PI3K/Akt pathway [J ] . Oncotarget , 2018 , 9 ( 4 ): 5321 - 5336 .