Objective

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To deeply understand the anatomical basis of temporomandibular joint disorders， and explore and master the pathological characteristics of anterior displacement of temporomandibular joint disc through cadaveric dissection and 3D printing technology

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Methods

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By dissecting the temporomandibular joints of 40 head and neck specimens， the bilateral structures of the temporomandibular joints were measured to obtain condyle and articular disc data. 3D modeling was carried out using 3ds Max software and printed out a model of temporomandibular joint. The pathological model of the anterior disc displacement with reduction （ADDwR） was simulated by adjusting the opening degree， the position of the articular disk， and the position of the condyle of the model.

Results

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The precise data of the right and left temporomandibular joint discs and condyle were successfully obtained by dissection and measurement. The thickness of the anterior band of left temporomandibular joint discs was （2.02±0.57） mm， the thickness of the middle band was （1.46±0.33） mm， the thickness of the posterior band was （3.00±0.46） mm， the anterior-posterior diameter was （9.60±0.72） mm， and the internal-external diameter was （17.73±0.84） mm. While the thickness of the anterior band of right temporomandibular joint discs was （1.84±0.35） mm， and the thickness of the middle band was （1.43±0.28） mm， the thickness of posterior band was （3.08±0.49） mm， the anterior-posterior diameter was （9.30±0.88） mm， and the internal-external diameter was （17.38±1.10） mm. The internal-external diameter of the left temporomandibular joint condyle was （18.97±0.41） mm， and the anterior-posterior diameter was （8.56±0.43） mm； the internal-external diameter of the right temporomandibular joint condyle was （18.86±0.75） mm， and the anterior-posterior diameter was （8.40±0.30） mm. The standard temporomandibular joint model was printed out by the measured data. The model was utilized to simulate the physiological state of temporomandibular joint under normal conditions， as well as the three pathological states of closed mouth， closed mouth to open mouth， and open mouth in the case of ADDwR.

Conclusion

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The temporomandibular joint model can more intuitively present the changes of anatomical structure in reversible temporomandibular joint disorders， which is helpful for understanding and mastering the different classification of this disease.