Study on the mechanism of total saponins of diaphragma juglandis fructus improving testicular function in rats

LIU Peng; WANG Zhen; WANG Ying; HU Ben-xiang

doi:10.11659/jjssx.02E024034

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Study on the mechanism of total saponins of diaphragma juglandis fructus improving testicular function in rats

Basic Research | 更新时间：2025-04-17

- Study on the mechanism of total saponins of diaphragma juglandis fructus improving testicular function in rats
- JOURNAL OF REGIONAL ANATOMY AND OPERATIVE SURGERY Vol. 34, Issue 4, Pages: 284-288(2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.商洛职业技术学院医学院，陕西商洛 726000
  2.陕西中医药大学药学院，陕西咸阳 712000
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.11659/jjssx.02E024034
  CLC： R285.5
- Received：19 February 2024，
  
  Published：25 April 2025
- 稿件说明：
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刘鹏,王震,王英等.核桃分心木总皂苷改善大鼠睾丸功能的机制研究[J].局解手术学杂志,2025,34(04):284-288.

LIU Peng,WANG Zhen,WANG Ying,et al.Study on the mechanism of total saponins of diaphragma juglandis fructus improving testicular function in rats[J].JOURNAL OF REGIONAL ANATOMY AND OPERATIVE SURGERY,2025,34(04):284-288.
刘鹏,王震,王英等.核桃分心木总皂苷改善大鼠睾丸功能的机制研究[J].局解手术学杂志,2025,34(04):284-288. DOI： 10.11659/jjssx.02E024034.

LIU Peng,WANG Zhen,WANG Ying,et al.Study on the mechanism of total saponins of diaphragma juglandis fructus improving testicular function in rats[J].JOURNAL OF REGIONAL ANATOMY AND OPERATIVE SURGERY,2025,34(04):284-288. DOI： 10.11659/jjssx.02E024034.

摘要

目的

探讨核桃分心木（DJF）总皂苷对大鼠睾丸功能的改善作用及可能机制。

方法

将50只SD雄性大鼠随机分为NC组、MG模型组（MG组）、DJF低剂量组（LDJF组）、DJF中剂量组（MDJF组）和DJF高剂量组（HDJF组），每组10只；NC组每日皮下注射生理盐水500 mg/kg，其余各组连续8周每日皮下注射D-半乳糖500 mg/kg以建立亚急性衰老大鼠模型。皮下注射4周时，LDJF组、MDJF组、HDJF组大鼠分别给予100 mg/kg、200 mg/kg、400 mg/kg的DJF总皂苷提取物灌胃，NC组和MG组大鼠分别给予100 mg/kg生理盐水灌胃，共连续28 d。称量各组大鼠体质量，分析各组大鼠睾丸指数及精子参数，并观察大鼠睾丸组织形态学变化；检测各组大鼠血清中睾酮及氧化因子超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）水平；Western blot检测相关蛋白表达。

结果

与NC组相比，MG组大鼠睾丸重量、睾丸指数、血清睾酮、SOD水平及精子密度、存活率、活动度下降，MDA水平升高，睾丸组织中Nrf2和HO-1蛋白表达下调，p53和p21蛋白表达则上调，差异均有统计学意义（

0.05）。与MG组相比，HDJF组大鼠睾丸重量、睾丸指数、血清睾酮、SOD水平及精子密度、存活率、活动度升高，MDA水平下降，睾丸组织中Nrf2和HO-1蛋白表达上调，p53和p21蛋白表达下调，差异均有统计学意义（

0.05）；LDJF组、MDJF组上述指标与MG组比较差异无统计学意义（

0.05）。与NC组相比，MG组大鼠睾丸组织生精细胞排列紊乱，细胞数量减少，曲细精管管腔内精子数量明显减少；与MG组相比，给予DJF总皂苷干预后，大鼠睾丸组织形态有所改善，精子数量有所增加，以HDJF组大鼠改善最为明显。

结论

DJF总皂苷能有效改善大鼠睾丸功能衰退，这可能与激活Nrf2/HO-1通路，增强抗氧化应激水平，抑制衰老相关蛋白表达有关。

Abstract

Objective

To explore the effect of total saponins of diaphragma juglandis fructus （DJF） on testicular function in rats and its possible mechanism.

Methods

Fifty SD male rats were randomly divided into NC group， MG model group（MG group）， DJF low-dose group （LDJF group）， DJF medium-dose group （MDJF group） and DJF high-dose group （HDJF group）， with 10 rats in each group.The NC group was given daily subcutaneous injection of normal saline 500 mg/kg，and the other groups were given daily subcutaneous injection of D-galactose 500 mg/kg for 8 weeks to establish the subacute aging rat model.After 4 weeks of subcutaneous injection，rats of the LDJF group，MDJF group and HDJF group were given 100 mg/kg，200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg DJF total saponin extract by gavage，respectively，and rats of the NC group and MG group were given 100 mg/kg normal saline by gavage，respectively，for 28 consecutive days.The body weight of rats in each group was measured，the testicular index and sperm parameters of rats in each group were analyzed，and the pathological changes of testicular tissue were observed.The serum levels of testosterone，oxidation factor superoxide dismutase （SOD） and malondialdehyde （MDA） in each group were detected.The expression of related proteins was detected by Western blot.

Results

Compared with the NC group，testicular weight，testicular index，serum testosterone and SOD levels，sperm density，sperm survival rate and sperm activity of rats in MG group were decreased，and MDA level of rats in MG group was increased；the protein expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1 in testicular tissue of rats in MG group were down-regulated，and the protein expressions of p53 and p21 in testicular tissue of rats in MG group were up-regulated，with statistically significant differences （

0.05）.Compared with the MG group，testicular weight，testicular index，serum testosterone and SOD levels，sperm density，sperm survival rate and sperm activity of rats in HDJF group were increased，and MDA level of rats in HDJF group was decreased；the protein expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1 in testicular tissue of rats in HDJF group were u

p-regulated，and the protein expressions of p53 and p21 in testicular tissue of rats in HDJF group were down-regulated，with statistically significant differences （

0.05）.There was no significant difference in the above indexes between LDJF group，MDJF group and MG group （

0.05）.Compared with the NC group，the arrangement of spermatogenic cells in testicular tissue was disordered，the number of spermatogenic cells was reduced，and the number of spermatozoa in seminiferous tubule was reduced in the MG group.Compared with the MG group，the testicular morphology was improved and the number of spermatozoa was increased after DJF total saponins intervention，and the improvement was most obvious in the HDJF group.

Conclusion

DJF total saponins can effectively ameliorate the decline of testicular functionin in rats，which may be related to activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway，enhancement of antioxidant stress level and inhibition of aging-related protein expression.

关键词

Keywords

references

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