Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are monoclonal antibody antagonists

which can block cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4)

programmed death-1/ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) pathways

and other molecules exploited by tumor cells to evade T cell-mediated immune response. ICIs have transformed the treatment landscape for various cancers due to their amazing efficacy. Many anti-tumor therapies

including targeted therapy

radiotherapy

and chemotherapy

combine ICIs to make the treatment more effective. However

the off-target immune activation caused by ICIs may lead to a broad spectrum of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) affecting multiple organ systems. Among irAEs

cardiotoxicity induced by ICIs

uncommon but fatal

has greatly offset survival benefits from ICIs

which is heartbreaking for both patients and clinicians. Consequently

such cardiotoxicity requires special vigilance

and it has become a common challenge both for patients and clinicians. This article reviewed the clinical manifestations and influence of cardiotoxicity from the view of patients and clinicians

elaborated on the underlying mechanisms in conjunction with animal studies

and then attempted to propose management strategies from a cardio-immuno-oncology multidisciplinary perspective.