Cysteine dioxygenase type 1 (CDO1)

belonging to the mammalian non-heme Fe(II) dioxygenases family

is a key enzyme for cysteine catabolism. Its activity and expression is regulated through multiple mechanisms. CDO1 is involved in a spectrum of physiological processes including lipid metabolism

adipogenesis

osteoblastic differentiation

redox homeostasis

fertility

bile acid metabolism

sulfide metabolism

and organismal growth and development. Many of these processes are regulated directly or indirectly by CDO1-mediated metabolism of cysteine. In pathophysiological processes

the degree of

CDO1

promoter methylation is closely related to the progression and malignancy of tumors

and overexpression of CDO1 will promote ferroptosis of cancer cells. Moreover

CDO1 may ameliorate metabolic disorders through the taurine-mediated improvement of lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity and improve neurodegenerative diseases by regulating cysteine level. Therefore

elucidation of the mechanisms underlying the role of CDO1 would provide a clearer view of the therapeutic potential and possible risks of targeting this important enzyme.