Objective　To investigate the effect of massive open online course (MOOC) combined with traditional teaching in the teaching of pediatrics. Methods　A total of 153 students in batch 2014 of five-year general medicine in Chongqing Medical University were enrolled as teaching reform group

and 132 students in batch 2013 were enrolled as control group. The teaching reform group adopted the teaching method of MOOC combined with traditional teaching

while the control group adopted traditional teaching alone. The teaching quality was assessed by examination performance and questionnaire survey. Results　The teaching reform group had significantly higher mean examination scores than the control group (P<0.05). The questionnaire survey showed that compared with the control group

the teaching reform group had a better teaching effect and fewer learning questions. Among the 153 students in the teaching reform group

112(73.2%) approved the fragmented learning mode of MOOC

79 (51.6%) believed that MOOC could enhance learning efficiency

103 (67.3%) thought that it could guide self-study and improve learning abilities

113(73.9%) thought they could manage learning progress by themselves through MOOC

and 99 (64.7%) held the opinion that MOOC could realize the sharing of high-quality educational resources; there were significant differences in these issues between the two groups (P<0.05). Among the 153 students in the teaching reform group

133 (86.9%) preferred the combined teaching method of MOOC and traditional teaching and were willing to participate in MOOC again. Conclusion　MOOC combined with traditional teaching in the teaching of pediatrics can improve teaching quality and is a recommended teaching method at present. It is worthy of further research and perfection.