Objective　To understand the influencing factors of professional adaptability for college nursing students and the mechanism. Methods　A group of 1 105 college students from grades 2010 and 2011 were surveyed with questionnaire for professional adaptability. The data were analyzed with SPSS 16.0. Measurement data were expressed as x±s while enumeration data were expressed as percentage. t test and variance analysis were used to compare the differces among groups of different grades and genders. Results　The professional adaptability mean score of college nursing students was（102.66 ± 14.93） and significant differences in professional adaptability were observed between different grades and genders（P=0.004 3， P=0.001 5）. The possible influencing factors professional adaptability were different sources of students， family location， family income， etc. There were statis-tic differences in professional promise between arts and science students and between rural an urban students（P=0.029 8， P=0.007 0）. Conclusion　Grade and genders are the main influencing factors for professional adaptability of college nursing students while other factors exert little effect on it.