Objective To investigate the effectiveness and rationality of Objective Structured Clinical Examination(OSCE) used as achievement assessment for Postgraduate Year 1 surgery residents. Then the form and content of training and examination can be improved according to test results. Methods 31 Postgraduate Year 1 surgery residents were involved in the examination. The examination was composed of 5 stations

which were case analysis

wound dressing change

plaster fixation

laparoscopic simulator basic skills and irregular wound debridement suture. Each station evaluated by centesimal system score and limited in 15 minutes. A questionnaire on their opinion and perception of the examination was given each resident at the end of examination. A total number of 31 questionnaires were issued and recycled. The difficulty

discrimination and reliability of each station were calculated

as well as correlation between each station was analyzed. Results The average OSCE score was 74.66±4.39. The difficulty of total stations was 0.747. The distinction was 0.578 and the reliability was 0.402. The first station was lowest difficult

and the fifth station was most difficult. Every station’s discrimination was larger than 0.400. The reliability of the second and the fourth station was low. There was moderate correlation between the first station and the second station

as well as the first station and the fourth station. But there was no significant correlation between other stations. Residents’ questionnaire survey showed that the fourth and the fifth stations were considered as the most difficult

and the second station was the simplest. They thought the fourth is most helpful for clinic. They performed best at the second station and worst at the fifth station. Conclusions OSCE can effectively evaluate the efficacy of the resident training. The residents’ practical competency skills can be assessed better by examination simulating complex clinical scenario. Besides

the assessment efficiency should be objectively evaluated after examination

and dynamically adjust the training content and examination form according to residents’ subjective opinions.