Objective：To study the correlation between hepatitis B virus X gene（HBV-X gene） mutation and transforming growth fac－tor beta 1（TGF-β1） in hepatocarcinogenesis among the patients with chronic hepatits B virus（HBV） infection. Methods：The serum samples of 105 patients with HBV infected were collected in The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from 2015 to 2016. They were divided into chronic hepatits B group（35 cases），liver cirrhosis groups（35 cases），primary liver cancer group（35 cases）. The HBV-X gene sequences were amplified from the serum samples by polymerase chain reaction（PCR），then the amplified products were sequenced，finally compared with those reported in GenBank to find the variable sites. The levels of TGF-β1 from serum samples were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results：The level of TGF-β1 was significantly higher in primary liver cancer group than in other groups. The common HBV-X gene mutation sites including：A1762T/G1764A，T1719C，G1635A，A1605G，C1653T，T1753G. The HBV-X gene mutation including A1605G，A1762T/G1764A，T1753G was significantly higher in primary liver cancer group than in other groups. T test was sued to compare HBV-X gene mutation sites and the level of TGF-β1 in all patients；there were statistical differences in TGF-β1 levels of three mutation sites between mutation group and non-mutation group. Conclusion：The HBV-X gene mutation sites including A1605G，A1762T/G1764A，T1753G may have correlation with the level of TGF-β1 and HCC，which may participate in the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma.