Vitamin D，as one of the essential nutrients，becomes the hot spot of researches in recent years. Researches focusing on its function of regulating the metabolism of calcium phosphate have sprang up constantly，which have close relation diabetes，the complex chronic diseases. Therefore，we expounded on the relationship among vitamin D，and type 1，type 2，gestational diabetes，as well as di－abetes complications，and discussed on the possible molecular mechanism of endogenous signaling pathways like oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress in disease through describing the relationship between the latitude differences and the incidence of dia－betes，aiming to provide reference for clinical application of vitamin D in diabetes patients.