Objective：To investigate the analgesic effect of oxycodone hydrochloride sustained-release tablets combined with gabapentin in the treatment of cancerous neuropathic pain in elderly cancer patients. Methods：A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical outcome and safety of 60 elderly patients with moderate or above cancerous neuropathic pain who were treated with oxycodone hydrochloride sustained-release tablets alone or combined with gabapentin for more than 14 days in our hospital. There were 30 patients in the combination group and 30 in the monotherapy group，and the two groups were compared in terms of the dose of oxycodone hydrochloride sustained-release tablets，analgesic effect，and quality of life on days 3，7，and 14 of treatment. Adverse reactions were observed for both groups. Results：On days 3，7，and 14 of treatment，the combination group had a significantly lower average daily dose of oxycodone hydrochloride than the monotherapy group（P<0.05）. Both groups had a certain degree of pain relief after treatment，and the combination group had significantly greater pain relief than the monotherapy group（P<0.05）. Both groups had significant improvements in the scores of each item of quality of life at each time point after treatment，and there were significant dif－ferences in the scores of daily activities，mood，sleep，and the pleasures of life between the two groups（P<0.05），while there were no significant differences in walking ability，daily work，and relationship with others between the two groups（P>0.05）. Compared with the monotherapy group，the combination group had significantly lower incidence rates of constipation，nausea，and vomiting（P<0.05） and higher incidence rates of dizziness and somnolence（P>0.05）. Conclusion：In elderly cancer patients with cancerous neuropathic pain，oxycodone hydrochloride sustained-release tablets combined with gabapentin can effectively control the pain，reduce the dose of oxycontin hydrochloride and adverse reactions，and improve their quality of life. Therefore，it holds promise for clinical application.