Objective：To evaluate the clinical efficacy of retroperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephrectomy （LRN） in treating localized renal cell carcinoma. Methods：134 cases of renal cell carcinoma were reviewed for their diagnosis and treatment；the clinical data of 66 cases （group LRN） with renal neoplasm received retroperitoneal LRN and 68 cases （group ORN） with renal neoplasm received open radical nephrectomy were retrospectively analyzed. Results：There was no significant difference between the two groups about in age，sex，max diameter of tumor，tumor location，tumor stage and pathologic diagnosis （P>0.05）. But for the clinical effect indexes，such as operating time，blood loss，recovery time of bowel function，hospital stay and complication incidence rate，the LRN group was sig－nificantly different from ORN group（P<0.05）. The follow-up was 3～40 months.4 cases had distant metastasis；2 patients received im－munotherapy plus sorafenib targeted therapy and kept progression-free survival，while 2 patients received only immunotherapy，1 of whom died of tumor metastasis and 1 had tumor progression. Conclusion：Retroperitoneal LRN with minimal invasion and rapid re－covery，has a similar oncologic effect for localized renal cancer with traditional open surgery. Sorafenib targeted therapy should be pre－ferred for patients with post-operative recurrence or metastasis.