Objective：To calculate the rates of anti-myocardial antibody（AMA） in the patients with myocardial disease and to ex－plore the relationship between autoimmune response and myocardial injury. Methods：Totally 192 cases of cardiac damage were en－rolled in the study，including 44 cases of viral myocarditis（VMC），among which 9 cases were severe acute myocarditis，38 cases of di－lated cardiomyopathy（DCM），40 cases of rheumatic heart disease（RHD），among which 10 cases had active rheumatism，30 cases of systemic lupus erythematosus（SLE） and 40 cases of coronary heart disease（CHD）. Anti-myocardial antibodies of these serum sam－ples were detected by indirect immunofluorescence assay. Results：The positive rates of anti-myocardial antibody in VMC，DCM，RHD，SLE and CHD group were 27.3%，23.7%，17.5%，16.7% and 2.5% respectively. There was no statistical significance between patients with serious acute virus myocarditis and other types of virus myocarditis. There was no significant difference in positive anti-myocardial antibody between RHD patients with active rheumastism and those without active rheumatism. Conclusions：Myocardial diseases are correlated with autoimmune response. Detecting the antimyocardial antibody in serum of patients could not only help to know the degree of myocardial injury but also guide the clinical treatment.