Objective：To monitor the levels and changes of serum soluble interleukin-6 receptor（sIL-6R） in renal allograft recipients and to clarify its clinical significances. Methods：Clinical and baseline data of all enrolled patients were recorded in detail and an－other 20 healthy volunteers were chosen as normal controls. Sequential monitoring of serum sIL-6R was conducted by ELISA tech－nique in 60 patients before and after renal allograft. Results：There was no difference in serum sIL-6R level between normal controls and patients before renal allograft. After renal allograft，levels of serum sIL-6R were firstly increased，reaching the peak on the 3rd d then were decreased after targeted treatment and were reduced to levels before renal allograft after two weeks（F=15.23，P=0.003）. Fur－ther study demonstrated that levels of serum sIL-6R were significantly increased in renal allograft recipients complicated with infection（LSD-t=7.32，P=0.004）. Conclusions：Sequential monitoring of immunologic marker，serum sIL-6R in renal allograft recipients can be used to judge the acute rejection reactions at early stage and the combined complications.