Objective：To evaluate the prognosis of asymptomatic children with renal stones. Methods：Totally 75 asymptomatic children with renal stones were followed up for 28-45 moths averaged 41 months after the initial diagnosis，including 37 melamine-associated renal calculi（MARC） children and 38 non melamine-associated renal calculi（NMARC） children. Urinary system ultrasound and uri－nalysis were examined at the end of follow-up. Results：Follow-up was completed in 53 children（34 MARC children and 19 NMARC children） and renal calculi were excreted in 31 children（58.49%）. Spontaneous discharge occurred more often in infants and in chil－dren with stone of diameter no than 5 mm，while unlikely occurred in children aged older than 3-year-old and in children with stone of diameter larger than 10 mm（P=0.003，P=0.000）. At the end of follow-up，urinalysis showed that the total abnormal rate（15.38%） at 41 months after the initial diagnosis was lower than that（41.03%） at initial diagnosis，with statistically significant differences（P=0.010）. No MARC child had proteinuria，significantly better than that of NMARC children（P=0.030）. Conclusions：Most asymptomatic children with renal calculi discharged spontaneously at the end of follow-up. Stone size and suffering age are two risk factors of dis－charge. Overall prognosis is fine and prognosis of MARC children is superior to that of NMARC. Long term prognosis of NMARC children needs further follow-up.