Objective：To explore the application of different blood purification modes in the treatment of children with acute and criti－cal illness and to summarize the experiences in order to provide references for pediatric clinical work. Methods：Clinical data of 148 children underwent blood purification treatment from January 2009 to December 2011 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed including primary types of diseases，blood purification mode，clinical efficacy，treatment and care for related complications，etc. Results：All 148 patients underwent blood purification treatment for 336 times. Five cases of death，including 2 cases of congenital heart disease complicated with renal failure，2 cases of sepsis complicated with septic shock and multiple organ failure，1 case of epidemic cere－brospinal meningitis complicated with renal insufficiency were observed. Cause of death and blood purification had no direct relation－ship. The rest children were cured and discharged. Conclusions：Blood purification mode selection，parameter setting，good care of the pipeline，rational use of anticoagulants and necessary pre-charge of piping are the important parts of children blood purification tech－nology. Application and promotion of the technology helps to improve the treatment for children with acute and critical illness.