Objective：To observe the changes in nerve function recovery and the expression of Reelin，PI3KCA and synaptophysin in ischemic brain tissues of cerebral ischemic rats after treadmill training. Methods：A total of 54 rats were randomly divided into three groups：sham-operated group，ischemic control group and treadmill training group. Middle cerebral artery occlusion（MCAO） was used to create focal cerebral ischemic model in rats. Rats in E group underwent treadmill training for 16 d（15 m/min，30 min/d）. Modified neurological severity scores（mNSS） was used to evaluate the neurological function of rats in three groups. HE staining was used to observe nerve cell morphology in hippocampus of rats in three groups. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the number of Reelin-positive and PI3KCA-positive cells. Western blot was used to detect the level of Reelin and synaptophysin in ischemic cortexs of rats in three groups. Results：The mNSS of E group was lower than that of Ⅰ group on the 19th d post-MCAO（P<0.05）. The morphology of the hippocampal neurons in S group was normal，irregular and damaged in Ⅰ group，while alleviated after treadmill training. Both the expression of Reelin-positive and PI3KCA-positive cells in E group were higher than that in Ⅰ group（18.27±4.03 vs. 7.53±2.03，P＜0.01；10.27±1.62 vs. 5.40±1.84，P＜0.01）. The expression of Reelin and synaptophysin in ischemic cortexs of rats in E group was remarkably upregulated than that in S and Ⅰ group with statistical differences（P<0.05）. The expression of Reelin and synaptophysin in ischemic cortexs of rats in Ⅰ group was upregulated than that in S group without statistical differences（P>0.05）. Conclusions：Treadmill training can improve neurological function and upregulate the expression of Reelin，PI3KCA and synaptophysin after cerebral ischemia.