Objectives：To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease（COPD） of health exam－ination population in Chongqing，and to propose scientific suggestions for the prevention and control of COPD. Methods：The spirome－try，physical examination，chest X-ray，and cardiogram were performed on 3 000 health examination people over the age of 30 in our hospital；questionnaires about risk factors of COPD were also filled out. Some suspected COPD cases obtained definite diagnosis and treatment in the respiratory outpatient department. Results：The prevalence rate of COPD in health examination people over the age of 40 was 10.10% in Chongqing，the prevalence rate in people under the age of 40（30-39 years old ） was 2.88%，and the difference was statistically significant（ χ2=39.104，P=0.000）. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that elderly age，smoking，family histo－ry，special exposure history of occupation were independent risk factors of COPD（odd ratio>1），and the difference was statistically sig－nificant（P<0.01）. Conclusion：The prevalence rate of COPD in health examination population over the age of 40 is relatively high in Chongqing and the awareness of the importance of early screening of COPD through spirometry should be strengthened. The spirome－try should be performed on people who with risk factors of COPD as early as possible. The health education and prevention of risk factors should be strengthened，which would help to improve the early diagnosis and treatment of COPD，as well as reduce the inci－dence of disability and mortality.