Staphylococcus aureus（S.aureus） is a common pathogen and its surface proteins play an important role in the process of infected host. The SdrE protein，the expression of which is almost free from environmental factors（temperature，metal ions），is one of the S.aureus surface proteins and may associate with S.aureus resistance to methicillin. Recently，researchers have found that phosphorylation of SdrE directly affects the toxicity of S.aureus，and SdrE can evade the host immune response by adhesion complement regulatory factor H，as well as induce platelet aggregation independently. In addition，SdrE protein has been found to play a vital role in bone infections，joint infections and osteomyelitis. This review analyzed the biological functions of SdrE，and provided a theoretical basis for the development of new specific antibacterial agents.