Objective：To explore the impact of CD57+ natural killer（NK） cells and macrophages CD68+ on the survival conditions of patients with primary esophageal cancer. Methods：Clinical data of 96cases of primary esophageal cancer from June 2013 to June 2015 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Infiltration levels of CD57+ NK cells and macrophages CD68+ were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining method. The relationship between cells infiltrating level and the pathological characteristics was ana－lyzed. CD5+ NK and CD68+ macrophages relations with TNM staging，and the effect of cell infiltration on the survival conditions of primary esophageal cancer patients were analyzed. Results：The degree of infiltration of CD57+ NK cells in the epithelium of patients with primary esophageal carcinomawas 64.58% and that of CD68+ macrophages was 51.04%. There was no significant correlation be－tween the level of CD57+ NK cells and CD68+ macrophages in the epithelium of patients with primary esophageal carcinoma and the age，sex，tumor size，N stage，T stage and TNM staging（P>0.05）. There was no significant difference in CD57+ NK cells and CD68+ macrophage counts between CD57+ NK cells and CD68+ macrophages in primary esophageal cancer patients（P>0.05）. CD57+ NK cells and CD68+ macrophage counts were （8.35±5.36）/HP and （39.43±14.05）/HP respectively at stageⅠ-Ⅱ，significantly higher than those at stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ[（5.34±4.55）/HP，（20.18±9.62）/HP]（P<0.05）. The effect of cell infiltration on the survival of patients with primary esophageal cancer was analyzed by Cox model （Forward：LR，introducing α=0.05，excluding α=0.10）. The low level of death of CD57+ NK cells in tumor tissue of patients with primary esophageal cancer had a high risk of death（P=0.046，RR=0.794，95%CI=0.633 to 0.996）. The high level of death of CD68+ macrophages in tumor tissue of patients with primary esophageal cancer had a high risk of death（P=0.000，RR=1.925，95%CI=1.364 to 2.717）. Conclusion：CD57+ NK cells and CD68+ macrophages infiltration level can reflect the body’s immune status. CD57+ NK cells and CD68+ macrophage infiltration level has certain clinical value in determining the survival of patients with primary esophageal cancer.