OBJECTIVE： To study the protective effect of diphenyl ethylene glycoside （TSG） on the nerve of traumatic brain injury （TBI） model mice. METHODS： Mice were randomly divided into sham operation group， model group and TSG low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose groups （30， 60， 120 mg/kg）， with 10 mice each. Feeney’s free falling method was used to induce TBI model in those groups except sham operation group， and they were given relevant medicine intragastrically 1 h after modeling once a day for consecutive 14 d. The neurologic impairment was scored 3， 7 and 14 d after modeling， the content of water in cerebral tissue was determined 1 d after modeling； the contents of IL-6， IL-10 and TNF-α in plasma were detected 3 d after modeling； the positive cell volume of BDNF and apoptotic neurons （NeuN/Caspase-3） were detected 7 d after modeling. RESULTS： Compared with sham operation group， neurologic impairment score， the content of water in cerebral tissue， the contents of IL-6， IL-10 and TNF-α， and the positive cell volume of BDNF and NeuN/Caspase-3 were all increased in model group （P＜0.01）. Compared with model group， neurologic impairment score 7 and 4 d after modeling， the content of water in cerebral tissue， the contents of IL-6， TNF-α content and the positive cell volume of NeuN/Caspase-3 were all decreased in TSG medium-dose and high-dose groups （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）， while the contents of IL-10 （except TSG medium-dose group） and the positive cell volume of BDNF increased （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）， in concentration-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS： TSG has therapeutic effect on TBI model mice， and the mechanism may be associated with anti-inflammatory， the up-regulation of expression of neurotrophic factor and down-regulation of expression of neuron apoptosis.