OBJECTIVE： To observe the effects of Paclitaxel， Cisplatin combined with Recombinant human （Rh） endostatin on the efficacy and related indexes of patients with non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）. METHODS： 78 patients with Ⅲb or Ⅳ NSCLC were randomly divided into control group （39 cases） and observation group （39 cases）. Control group received Paclitaxel injection 135-175 mg/m2， d1， intravenous infusion，once a day+Cisplatin injection 25 mg/m2， 3 times a day， d1-3， intravenous infusion. Observation group additionally received Rh endostatin injection 15 mg/m2， adding into 500 ml 0.9％ Sodium chloride injection by slow intravenous infusion 3-4 h，d1-14， then stopped for 7 d. 21 d was regarded as 1 treatment course， it lasted 6 courses. Clinical efficacy， programmed death ligand-1（PD-L1） level， quality of life （QOL） score before and after treatment， and the incidence of adverse reactions in 2 groups were observed. RESULTS： All patients completed 2 courses of chemotherapy. There were 3 patients in observation group and 4 patients in control group quitted the study with uncompleted 6 weeks of chemotherapy due to intolerance or adverse reactions. The remission rate in observation group was significantly higher than control group， with statistical significance （P＜0.05）. Before treatment， there were no significant differences in PD-L1 level and QOL score in 2 groups （P＞0.05）. After treatment， PD-L1 level and QOL score in 2 groups were significantly lower than before， and observation group was lower than control group， with statistical significance （P＜0.05）. And there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions in 2 groups （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS： Paclitaxel， Cisplatin combined with Rh endostatin can improve the short-term efficacy of patients with NSCLC， inhibit PD-L1 expression， improve QOL， and do not increase the incidence of adverse reactions.