OBJECTIVE： To observe the efficacy and safety of recombinant human interferon α-2b in the treatment of cervical erosion combined with human papillomavirus （HPV） infection. METHODS： 81 patients with cervical erosion combined with HPV infection were randomly divided into control group （40 cases） and observation group （40 cases）. All patients received microwave therapy after 3-7 d of menstruation， control group was given Baofukang suppository 1 granule in deep vagina before going to bed after 3 d， once a day， for 14 d. Observation group was additionally given Recombinant human interferon α-2b gel 1 g， once a day， for 14 d. The clinical efficacy， HPV negative conversion rate， specific transcription factor levels （T-bet， GATA3， T-bet/GATA3， FoxP3）， inflammatory cytokine levels [interleukin （IL）-2， gamma interferon （IFN）-γ， IL-4， IL-10， transforming growth factor-β1（TGF-β1）， IFN-γ/IL-4] before and after treatment， and the incidence of adverse reactions in 2 groups were observed. RESULTS： The total effective rate and HPV negative conversion rate in observation group were significantly higher than control group， with statistical significances （P＜0.05）. After treatment， T-bet， T-bet/GATA3， IL-2， IFN-γ， IFN-γ/IL-4 levels in 2 groups were significantly higher than before， and observation group was higher than control group； GATA3， FoxP3， IL-4， TGF-β1 levels were significantly lower than before， and observation group was lower than control group， with statistical significances （P＜0.05）. And there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions in 2 groups （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS： Based on conventional treatment， recombinant human interferon α-2b has good efficacy and safety in the treatment of cervical erosion combined with HPV infection， increase the removal of the HPV.