OBJECTIVE： To study the effects of anisodine hydrobromide on cell apoptosis and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 （ERK1/2） phosphorylation （p-ERK1/2） level in brain tissue of model rats with acute cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. METHODS： Rats were randomly divided into sham operation group， model group， positive control group （nimodipine 1.0 mg/kg）， anisodine hydrobromide high-dose， medium-dose， low-dose， extreme low-dose groups （1.2， 0.6， 0.3， 0.15 mg/kg）， 8 in each group. Suture method was used to establish the rat models with acute cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Rats were intravenously injected once in tail at 2nd of ischemia and 6th of reperfusion. Then adenosine triphosphate （ATP） enzyme activity， Ca2+ content， cell apoptosis in brain tissue， p-ERK1/2 protein expression in brain tissue， and p-ERK1/2/total ERK1/2 （t-ERK1/2） proportion in brain tissue of rats were detected after 22 h of reperfusion. RESULTS： Compared with sham operation group， ATP enzyme activity in brain tissue of rats in model group was obviously decreased， Ca2+ content was obviously increased， density of cell apoptosis in brain tissue was obviously increased， with statistical significances （P＜0.01）. Compared with model group， density of cell apoptosis in brain tissue was obviously decreased in each administration group； Ca2+ contents in brain tissue of rats in positive control group， anisodine hydrobromide high-dose， low-dose groups were obviously decreased； and p-ERK1/2/t-ERK1/2 proportion in brain tissue of rats in anisodine hydrobromide high-dose， low-dose， extreme low-dose groups were obviously increased， with statistical significances （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）； the other differences were not statistically significant （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS： Anisodine hydrobromide can inhibit the cell apoptosis in brain tissue of model rats with acute cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury， and the mechanism may be related with activating ERK1/2 signal pathway and regulating ATP enzyme activity to decrease the Ca2+ content in the brain tissue.