OBJECTIVE： To establish a method for simultaneous determination of gallic acid， salidroside， tyrosol， caffeic acid and p-coumaric acid in Rhodiola crenulata， R. kirilowii and R. fastigiata， and to compare the content difference of 5 chemical components in 3 kinds of R. rosea. METHODS： HPLC method was adopted. The separation was performed on WondaSil C18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.3％ phosphoric acid solution （gradient elution） at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 275 nm， and the column temperature was 25 ℃. Sample size was 10 μL. GraphPad Prism 5.0 software was used for single factor variance analysis and Tukey’s multiple comparison of content determination results. RESULTS： The linear ranges of gallic acid， salidroside， tyrosol， caffeic acid and p-coumaric acid were 0.020 48-0.614 4 μg（r＝0.999 7）， 0.118-3.54 μg（r＝0.999 5）， 0.010 84-0.325 2 μg（r＝0.999 7）， 0.008 48-0.254 4 μg（r＝0.999 5） and 0.004 1-0.123 μg（r＝0.999 5）， respectively. RSDs of precision， stability and reproducibility tests were all lower than 2％. The recoveries were 99.62％-104.92％（RSD＝1.68％，n＝9）， 96.55％-100.69％（RSD＝1.67％，n＝9）， 98.91％-103.39％（RSD＝1.48％，n＝9）， 100.93％-104.98％（RSD＝1.37％，n＝9）， 97.71％-103.89％（RSD＝1.99％，n＝9）， respectively. The contents of gallic acid， salidroside， tyrosol and caffeic acid in R. crenulata were higher than R. fastigiata； the contents of salidroside and caffeic acid in R. crenulata were significantly higher than R. kirilowii， with statistical significance （P＜0.05，P＜0.01 or P＜0.001）. CONCLUSIONS： The method is simple， feasible and accurate， and can be used for simultaneous determination of gallic acid， salidroside， tyrosol， caffeic acid and p-coumaric acid in R. crenulata， R. kirilowii and R. fastigiata. There was great difference in the contents of chemical components in 3 kinds of common R. rosea， the content of salidroside is the highest in R. crenulata.