Objective To explore the effectiveness of evidence-based nursing in the care of patients underwent chemotherapy with peripherally inserted central catheter（PICC） placed through peripheral elbow veins for breast cancer. Methods A total of 106 patients admitted to a hospital in Zhengzhou from October 2018 to October 2019 for chemotherapy with PICC placement for breast cancer were selected as subjects. They were assigned to an evidence-based group（n=53） and a conventional group（n=53） using the random number table method. Patients in the conventional group received conventional care

while patients in the evidence-based group received evidence-based care after receiving the conventional care

and both groups received continuous care for 6 months. The compliance

unplanned extubation rate

complications during care and catheter maintenance were compared between the 2 groups. Negative emotions before and after care were compared between the 2 groups. Results The compliance rate of patients in the evidence-based group was 96.22%

which was higher than that in the conventional group（81.14%）（P<0.05）. Patients in the evidence-based group had shorter catheter maintenance operation time and longer line retention time than those in the conventional group

and the differences were statistically significant（P<0.05）. The unplanned extubation rate of patients in the evidence-based group was 5.66%（3/53）

which was lower than that in the conventional group（18.87%

10/53）

and the difference was statistically significant（χ2=4.296

P=0.038）. The Self-Rating Anxiety（SAS） and Self-Rating Depression（SDS） scores of patients in the evidence-based group after care were lower than those in the conventional group

and the differences were statistically significant（P<0.05）. The complication rate of patients in the evidence-based group was 3.77%

which was lower than that in the conventional group（11.32%）

and the difference was not statistically significant（P>0.05）.Conclusion Evidence-based nursing care for patients underwent PICC placement chemotherapy against breast cancer can effectively alleviate their negative emotions

improve compliance rate

shorten catheter maintenance operation time

prolong line retention time

and reduce unplanned extubation rate. These advantages justify a wider application of this nursing in clinical practice.